Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Title: construction of oracle environment under Linux

Themes:

Oracle database environment preparation

Part I: install the oracle package

1. Installation

VMware Tools

Install vmware-tools tools

Step 1. Click-> Virtual Machine-> install Vmware Tools

Step 2, df-h

[root@server253] # df-h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/ dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% /

/ dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% / boot

Tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% / dev/shm

/ dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0100% / media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

Step 3. Hang in the VMwareTools image

Mount / dev/scd0 / mnt/

Df-h

[root@server253] # df-h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/ dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% /

/ dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% / boot

Tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% / dev/shm

/ dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0100% / media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

/ dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0100% / mnt

Step 4, cp / mnt/VMwareTools … / etc/opt/

Cd / opt/

Ls

Step 5. Extract the VMwareTools package

Tar-zxvf VMwareTools...

Cd vmware-tools-distrib

Ls

Step 6. / vmware-install.pl

Go all the way back to the car.

Finally, reboot.

two。 Configure ip addr

Computer name

Configure the host

Firewall Settin

1, configure the IP address

Vim / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

HWADDR=00:0C:29:D3:D9:8D

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.1.253

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

/ etc/init.d/network restart

Chkconfig network on

Ifconfig eth0

2, configure the computer name

Vim / etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=server253.oracle.com

Modify temporary hostname

Hostname server253.oracle.com

3. Configure the host

Vim / etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

:: 1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.1.253 server253.oracle.com server253

Ping server253.oracle.com

Ping server253

4, firewall settin

System-config-securitylevel

3. Configure yum repository

Click Virtual Machine-> Settings-- > CD\ DVD (SATA)-> use ISO image file (M)->

Device status-> check connected

Df-h

Mount / dev/scd0 / mnt/

Vim / etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo

[base]

Name=rhel5.4

Baseurl= file:///mnt/Server

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0

4. The necessity of checking the software

Checking the Software Requirements

Binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4

Compat-db-4.1.25-9-

Compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2

Control-center-2.8.0-12

Gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4

Gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44

Glibc-2.3.4-2.9

Glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9

Libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1

Libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1

Make-3.80-5

Pdksh-5.2.14-30

Sysstat-5.0.5-1

Setarch-1.6-1

[root@server253 ~] rpm-qa | grep compat-db

[root@server253 ~] # yum-y install compat-db

[root@server253 ~] # rpm-qa | grep pdksh

[root@server253 ~] # yum-y install pdksh

[root@server253 ~] # rpm-qa | grep sysstat

[root@server253 ~] # yum-y install sysstat

5. Check the network step

1. Ifconfig eth0

Eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:D3:D9:8D

Inet addr:192.168.1.253 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

Inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed3:d98d/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

Collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:14414 (14.0 KiB) TX bytes:16767 (16.3 KiB)

Base address:0x2000 Memory:fd5c0000-fd5e0000

Vim / etc/sysconfig/network

System-config-securitylevel

6. Analysis of configuration name

Vim / etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

:: 1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.1.253 server253.oracle.com server253

Ping server253.oracle.com

Ping server253

7. Account name and group are required to create installation software

8. Determine whether nobody exists or not

Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

Create three users

[root@server253 ~] # useradd dba

[root@server253 ~] # useradd oinstall

[root@server253 ~] # useradd oper

[root@server253 ~] # id oracle

Uid=500 (oracle) gid=500 (oracle) groups=500 (oracle)

Add users to the group

Usermod-g oinstall-G oinstall,dba,oper,oracle oracle

[root@server253 ~] # id oracle

Uid=500 (oracle) gid=502 (oinstall) groups=502 (oinstall), 500 (oracle), 501 (dba), 503 (oper)

8J verifying that the User nobody Exists to judge whether nobody exists or not

Reason: nobody must exist for external jobs

[root@server253 ~] # id nobody

Uid=99 (nobody) gid=99 (nobody) groups=99 (nobody)

9. Kernel parameters

Configuring Kernel Parameters

Vi / etc/sysctl.conf

Kernel.shmall = 2097152

Kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

Fs.file-max = 65536

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

Net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

Net.core.rmem_max = 1048576

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144

Net.core.wmem_max = 262144

-shmall: this parameter represents the total capacity (in pages) of shared memory segments that the system can use in turn. The default value is 2097152, which usually does not need to be modified.

-shmmax: this parameter defines the maximum size (in bytes) of shared memory segments that can be used by a single process. The default is 32MB, which is too low for ORACLE and is usually set to 2GB.

-shmmin: this kernel parameter is used to set the maximum number of system-wide shared memory segments. The default value of this parameter is 4096, which usually does not need to be changed.

-sem: this parameter represents the set semaphore

-file-max: this parameter represents the maximum number of file handles, and the file handle setting indicates the number of files that can be opened in the linux system

[root@server253] # sysctl-p

10. Configure SHELL restrictions

Configure SHELL restrictions

A,vim / etc/security/limits.conf

Oracle soft nproc 2047

Oracle hard nproc 16384

Oracle soft nofile 1024

Oracle hard nofile 65536

B,vi / etc/pam.d/login

Session required / lib/security/pam_limits.so

Session required pam_limits.so

C,Depending on the oracle user's default shell

Vi / etc/profile

If [$USER = "oracle"]; then

If [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"]; then

Ulimit-p 16384

Ulimit-n 65536

Else

Ulimit-u 16384-n 65536

Fi

Fi

11. Create the desired directory

Create the required directory

Identifying Required Software Directories

The root directory of Oracle Base Directory--- must be created manually

Mkdir-p / u01/app/oracle

B,Oracle Inventory Directory

Name: oracle_base/oraInventory-product list list

/ u01/app/oracle/oraInventory You do not need to create it. Install automatic creation

Directory where Oracle Home Directory software is installed

Each product installation will have a corresponding oralce home directory, You do not need to create this directory.

It is recommended that you create

/ u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

D, command

# mkdir-p / u01/app/oracle

# chown-R oracle:oinstall / u01/app/oracle

# chmod-R 775 / u01/app/oracle

test

Ll / u01/app

twelve。 Configure the oracle user environment

Configuring the oracle User's Environment

Su-oracle

Cd / home/oracle

Vim .bash _ profile

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle root directory

ORACLE_SID=orcl

Export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID

[root@server253 ~] # source .bash _ profile

13. Prepare to install the medium

A, how to upload installation media to linux

B,tool

C, upload using root, use decompression, view permissions

Unzip package name

Chown-R oracle:oinstall / U01

Chmod-R 775 / U01

14. Su-

Oracle

[oracle@server253 ~] $su-root

[root@server253 ~] # xhost +

Access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[root@server253 ~] # su-oracle

[oracle@server253 ~] $xclock

15.

Install your database software

16. What to do during the installation process

[oracle@server253 ~] $cd / u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database] $. / runInstaller

A,vim / home/oracle/.base_profile

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

Export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME

B, do not choose to create the database by default, just install the database software here

c. Finally, execute two scripts as root:

OrainstRoot.sh== is used to update the final product list information

Root.sh = = generate some usage scripts based on the information of the current host, such as dbca

[oracle@server253 ~] $source .bash _ profile

[oracle@server253 ~] $cd / u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database] $. / runInstaller

[root@localhost /] # / u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[root@localhost /] # / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

Part two: create an intercept

[oracle@server253 ~] $netca

-bash: netca: command not found

View the path where netca is located

[oracle@server253 bin] $ls netca

Netca

[oracle@server253 bin] $pwd

/ u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin

[oracle@server253 ~] $vim .bash _ profile

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@server253 ~] $source .bash _ profile

[oracle@server253 ~] $netca

[oracle@server253 ~] $lsnrctl status

[oracle@server253 ~] $netstat-tunlp | grep 1521

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info

Will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)

Tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0 1521 0.0.0.015 * LISTEN 14633/tnslsnr

Part III: creating a database

-create a database-dbca--

One is to adopt the script method.

The second is to use graphical interface.

[oracle@server253 ~] $dbca

Create the first database using DBCA: orcl

Global database name: database name + domain name

Oracle sid: instance name

The default instance name is the same as the database name, or it can be different

Enterprise manager (EM)

EM manages the database in the form of web pages

There are two types of EM:

One is to use GRID CONTROL-, which can manage multiple hosts and multiple databases, and agent must be installed on the host.

Second, only one database can be managed by Database control.

Database management mode

1 grid control is not optional by default. Reason: you have not configured grid contol agent

2 dbconsole Management

Be sure to select this template

View the created database information

[oracle@server253 orcl] $ls

Adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump

[oracle@server253 orcl] $pwd

/ u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl

Cd admin/ instance name / audit trail warning log

[oracle@server253 admin] $cd orcl/bdump/

[oracle@server253 bdump] $ls

Alert_orcl.log orcl_lgwr_16683.trc orcl_lgwr_16778.trc orcl_lgwr_16845.trc

Cd / u01/app/oracle/oradata/ instance name / database file

Here are twelve files to write scripts.

[oracle@server253 orcl] $ls

Control01.ctl example01.dbf redo03.log temp01.dbf

Control02.ctl redo01.log sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf

Control03.ctl redo02.log system01.dbf users01.dbf

[oracle@server253 orcl] $pwd

/ u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

Ps-elf | grep ora

[oracle@server253 dbs] $ps-elf | grep ora

0 S root 3548 3523 078 0-494stext Aug13? 00:00:10 hald-addon-storage: polling / dev/scd0

4 S root 9164 6840 0 77 0-1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su-oracle

4 S oracle 9165 9164 0 76 0-1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00-bash

4 S root 9261 9216 0 77 0-1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su-oracle

4 S oracle 9262 9261 0 750-1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00-bash

4 S root 9893 9753 0 77 0-1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su-oracle

4 S oracle 9894 9893 0 750-1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00-bash

4 S root 10010 9967 0 77 0-1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su-oracle

4 S oracle 10011 10010 0 750-1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00-bash

4 S root 14109 4694 0 77 0-1230 wait Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 su-oracle

4 S oracle 14110 14109 076 0-1135-Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00-bash

0 S oracle 14633 10 76 0-10567 stext Aug13? 00:00:00 / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER-inherit

0 S oracle 16837 10 78 0-250810-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl

0 S oracle 16839 10 78 0-250657-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl

0 S oracle 16841 10 78 0-250657-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl

0 S oracle 16843 10 78 0-251174-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl

0 S oracle 16845 10 76 0-254545-Aug13? 00:00:01 ora_lgwr_orcl

0 S oracle 16847 1078 0-250781-Aug13? 00:00:03 ora_ckpt_orcl

0 S oracle 16849 10 77 0-251051-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl

0 S oracle 16851 10 800-250657-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl

0 S oracle 16853 10 750-251056-Aug13? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcl

0 S oracle 16855 10 78 0-251353-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl

0 S oracle 16857 10 78 0-250657-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl

0 S oracle 16859 10 78 0-250817-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl

0 S oracle 16861 10 750-250809-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl

0 S oracle 16866 10 79 0-250657-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl

0 S oracle 17090 10 78 0-251063-Aug13? 00:00:02 ora_j000_orcl

0 S oracle 17811 10 750-251044-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl

0 S oracle 17813 10 78 0-250656-Aug13? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl

S oracle 17856 10 750-2031-Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup

S oracle 17881 17856 078 0-148091 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:29 / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/jdk/bin/java-server-Xmx256M-XX:MaxPermSize=96m-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40-DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1-Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j-Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product / 10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman-DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl-Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true-Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient-Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/jazn.xml-Djava.security .policy = / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/java2.policy-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props-DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl-Dsysman.md5password=true-Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01 / app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1-Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true-Djava.awt.headless=true-jar / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar-config/ u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/server.xml

0 S oracle 18060 10 77 0-253384-Aug13? 00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 18062 10 750-251086-Aug13? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 18064 10 750-251348-Aug13? 00:00:05 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 19902 17856 0 77 0-14604 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:03 / u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emagent

0 S oracle 19945 10 76 0-251627-Aug13? 00:00:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 19956 10 750-251093-Aug13? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24484 10 76 0-251073-Aug13? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24953 10 79 0-251081-00:00? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24957 10 78 0-251084-00:00? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 R oracle 25086 10011 0 77 0-1065-00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 ps-elf

0 R oracle 25087 10011 078 0-00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ora

There's an extra folder.

[oracle@server253 ~] $cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@server253 db_1] $ls

Assistants has log oraInst.loc server253.oracle.com_orcl

Bin hs md ord slax

Cdata install mesg oui sqlj

Cfgtoollogs install.platform mgw owm sqlplus

Clone inventory network perl srvm

Config javavm nls plsql sysman

Crs jdbc oc4j precomp uix

Css jdk odbc racg wwg

Ctx jlib olap rdbms xdk

Dbs jre OPatch relnotes

Demo ldap opmn root.sh

Diagnostics lib oracore root.sh.old

[oracle@server253 db_1] $pwd

/ u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

When the instance here is started, the first thing to read is the spfileorcl.ora file. Once this file is lost, your instance will collapse and debug later. The first file to be repaired is this file.

[oracle@server253 db_1] $cd dbs

[oracle@server253 dbs] $ls

Hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@server253 dbs] $

How to prove the success of creating a database

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

-bash: sqlplus: command not found

[oracle@server253 ~] $vim .bash _ profile

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH

[oracle@server253 ~] $source .bash _ profile

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 00:15:00 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL >

Method 1:

SQL > select * from tab

3643 rows selected.

Method 2:

SQL > shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL > exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 00:22:38 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL >

There are three processes in the startup process.

No mount

Mount

Open

If all three processes are OK, then the database starts successfully

SQL > startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 926941184 bytes

Fixed Size 1222672 bytes

Variable Size 243271664 bytes

Database Buffers 679477248 bytes

Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL >

Part IV: oracle login mode

1. Introduction to the connection mode of database

Oracle login mode

Basic use of connection

Connect--

1. EM- Enterprise Manager (graphic management)

2. Isqlplus-- (JAVA)

3 、 sqlplus

Log in with 2.sys account

Sqlplus account / password as sysdba

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 06:27:25 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL >

The 3.sys account uses system authentication

For example:

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus xiaoming/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 06:29:53 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL >

So the system account can still log in like this.

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 06:31:08 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL >

Note: as long as your oracle account can log in to your system, then your SQL can log in

4. View the currently logged-in account

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

5. Log out

SQL > exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~] $

6. Login of ordinary account

When the oracle database is created, it provides three accounts:

Sys

Scott

Hr

When the scott account logs in by default, the password is tiger, but it is found that the account is locked when logging in.

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 06:44:42 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked

Enter user-name:

7. Unlock the general account number

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL > alter user scott account unlock

User altered.

[oracle@server253 ~] $sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production on Mon Aug 14 06:49:14 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

Changing password for scott

New password:

Retype new password:

Password changed

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0-Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL > show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL >

8. Modify the password of a general account

SQL > show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL > alter user scott identified by redhat

User altered.

Note: note: users can also change their own passwords, which are generally not allowed.

9. Unlock and change passwords at the same time

SQL > alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle

Alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL > alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle

User altered.

SQL >

10. Unlock hr account number

Sqlplus / as sysdba

Alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat

Exit

Sqlplus hr/redhat

Show user

11. Switching between users

-conn hr/redhat---- switches to hr account

-conn / as sysdba-- switch to sys account

-conn sys/oracle as sysdba--- switches to sys account

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL > alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat

User altered.

SQL > show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL > conn scott/oracle

Connected.

SQL > show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL >

twelve。 Help file

Help--

-help index-help Index

-? Shutdown---- finds the usage function of shutdown

-? Set- finds the usage function of set

SQL > help index

Enter Help [topic] for help.

@ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN

@ @ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL

/ DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS

ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START

APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP

ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE

ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING

BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE

BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE

CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE

CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR

COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR

COMPUTE LIST SET

CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW

SQL >? Shutdown

SHUTDOWN

-

Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally

Closing and dismounting a database.

SHUTDOWN [ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

SQL >? Set

SET

-

Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings

For your current session. For example, to:

-set the display width for data

-customize HTML formatting

-enable or disable printing of column headings

-set the number of lines per page

In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set

System variables.

SET system_variable value

Where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses:

APPI [NFO] {OFF | ON | text} NUM [WIDTH] {10 | n}

ARRAY [SIZE] {15 | n} PAGES [IZE] {14 | n}

AUTO [COMMIT] {OFF | ON | IMM [edit] | n} PAU [SE] {OFF | ON | text}

AUTOP [RINT] {OFF | ON} RECSEP {WR [APPED] | EA [Ch] | OFF}

AUTORECOVERY {OFF | ON} RECSEPCHAR {_ | c}

AUTOT [RACE] {OFF | ON | transfer [only]} SERVEROUT [PUT] {ON | OFF}

[explain] [stats] [SIZE {n | UNLIMITED}] [form]

BLO [CKTERMINATOR] {. | c | ON | OFF} {WRA [PPED] |

CMDS [EP] {; | c | OFF | ON} word [D _ WRAPPED] |

COLSEP {_ | text} TRU [NCATED]}]

CON [CAT] {. | c | ON | OFF} * shift [input] {VIS [IBLE] |

COPYC [OMMIT] {0 | n} INV [ISIBLE]}

COPYTYPECHECK {ON | OFF} * show [mode] {OFF | ON}

DEF [INE] {& | c | ON | OFF} * SQLBL [ANKLINES] {OFF | ON}

DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1 | n | ALL}] SQLC [ASE] {MIX [ED] |

[LINENUM {OFF | ON}] [INDENT {OFF | ON}] LO [WER] | UP [PER]}

ECHO {OFF | ON} * SQLCO[ NTINUE] {> | text}

* EDITF [ere] file_name [.ext] * SQLN [user] {ON | OFF}

EMB [EDDED] {OFF | ON} SQLPLUSCOMPAT [IBILITY] {x.y [.z]}

ESC [APE] {\ | c | OFF | ON} * SQLPRE [fix] {# | c}

FEED [BACK] {6 | n | ON | OFF} * SQLP [ROMPT] {SQL > | text}

FLAGGER {OFF | ENTRY | intermed [Iate] | FULL} SQLT [ERMINATOR] {; | c | ON | OFF}

* Flux [SH] {ON | OFF} * SUF [fix] {SQL | text}

HEA [DING] {ON | OFF} * TAB {ON | OFF}

HEADS [EP] {| | c | ON | OFF} * term [out] {ON | OFF}

INSTANCE [instance_path | LOCAL] * TI [ME] {OFF | ON}

LIN [ESIZE] {80 | n} ({150 | n} iSQL*Plus) TIMI [NG] {OFF | ON}

LOBOF [FSET] {1 | n} * trim [out] {ON | OFF}

LOGSOURCE [pathname] * trims [pool] {OFF | ON}

LONG {80 | n} UND [ERLINE] {- | c | ON | OFF}

LONGC [HUNKSIZE] {80 | n} VER [IFY] {ON | OFF}

MARK [UP] HTML [OFF | ON] WRA [P] {ON | OFF}

[HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text] XQUERY {BASEURI text |

[ENTMAP {ON | OFF}] ORDERING {UNORDERED |

[SPOOL {OFF | ON}] ORDERED | DEFAULT} |

[pre [format] {OFF | ON}] NODE {BYVALUE | BYREFERENCE |

NEWP [AGE] {1 | n | NONE} DEFAULT} |

NULL text CONTEXT text}

NUMF [ORMAT] format

An asterisk (*) indicates the SET option is not supported in iSQL*Plus.

13. Enable the history feature

-need to install rlwrap package

It's a little troublesome because it's a source package.

Package at the end of .gz

So gunzip rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

Rlwrap-0.37.tar

Tar-xvf rlwrap-0.37.tar

Source code installation is actually the easiest, there is no need to build a yum repository

The first way: unlock it in two steps.

It only takes one step to unlock the compressed package with .gz.

Tar-zxvf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

Vim REDEAME View installation instructions

Search

: / INSTALL

/ INSTALL

The installation of the source package requires two steps. In fact, the following is a composite step.

. / configure; make install

Root permission is required to install rlwrap-0.37.tar

. / configure; make install

If the installation is not successful, you need to check whether the two packages are installed.

Ls | grep readline

Readline-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm

Readline-devel-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm

Rpm-qa | grep readline

Ls | grep libter

Libtermcap-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm

Libtermcap-devel-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm

Rpm-qa | grep libter

-examination-

Su-oracle

Sqlplus / as sysdba

Selecct * from tab

Exit

If you find an error, you can't use it.

Because rlwrap is installed on the linux system, you must tell the oracle system every time you use it.

Rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba

Now it is found that it can be viewed up and down.

It can be achieved by aliasing.

Alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus', but this is temporary.

To take effect permanently, you need to configure the .bash _ profile file under the oracle home directory.

Ls-a

Vim .bash _ profile

Just add this item to alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'.

Source .bash _ profile after saving and exiting

Part V: text editor under oracle

In order to solve this problem

SQL > select ename,sal,hiredata

2 from emp

3 where sal=800

4

Select ename,sal,hiredata

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier

-need to modify the editor-

Su-oracle

Vim .bash _ profile

EDITOR=vim

Export EDITOR

Source .bash _ profile

SQL > conn scott/oracle

Connected.

SQL > show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL > select ename,sal,hiredata

2 from emp

3 where sal=800

4

Select ename,sal,hiredata

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier

Click on an ed to correct and edit.

SQL > ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 select ename,sal,hiredate

2 from emp

3 * where sal=800

4

Or

SQL > ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 select ename,sal,hiredate

2 from emp

3 * where sal=800

4 /

ENAME SAL HIREDATE

SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

SQL >

SQL > /

ENAME SAL HIREDATE

SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

SQL >

! You can also exit the oracle database

L list the cache information in oracle data

All objects under scott mode

Scott has a total of four objects in his account.

The objects here are called tables.

SQL > /

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

DEPT TABLE

EMP TABLE

BONUS TABLE

SALGRADE TABLE

Get the information generated in the table

SQL > select * from EMP

2

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO

-

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800

twenty

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

thirty

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

thirty

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO

-

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975

twenty

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

thirty

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850

thirty

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO

-

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450

ten

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000

twenty

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000

ten

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO

-

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0

thirty

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100

twenty

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

thirty

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO

-

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000

twenty

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

ten

14 rows selected.

Now I want to know what columns are in EMP?

Get eight columns from the emp table

SQL > desc emp

Name Null? Type

-

EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER (4)

ENAME VARCHAR2 (10)

JOB VARCHAR2 (9)

MGR NUMBER (4)

HIREDATE DATE

SAL NUMBER (7 dint 2)

COMM NUMBER (7 dint 2)

DEPTNO NUMBER (2)

SQL >

SQL > select empno,ename,sal from emp

/ pass / can be executed again

-how to keep it forever-

SQL > select ename,sal from emp

SQL > save / u01/a.sql

Created file / u01/a.sql

Be sure to save the absolute path

-how to call the saved footsteps-

The first method: @ / u01/a.sql can be directly called out.

The second method: start / u01/a.sql

-set the saved command to the cache but not execute-

SQL > get / u01/b.sql

1 select ename,sal

2 from emp

3 * where sal=3000

Get calls it up, but does not execute it.

-what if I want to temporarily switch to the linux environment--

! You can go to the linux environment.

Exit switched from linux environment to oracle environment

-directly exit the oracle environment-

Exit can directly exit the oracle environment by entering exit under the oracle environment.

Host and! The function is the same

-delete a.sql under U01 without exiting oracle-

SQL > rm-rf / u01/a.sql

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "rm-rf / u0..."-rest of line ignored.

SQL >

-add an exclamation point in front of it.

SQL >! Rm-rf / u01/a.sql

SQL >! Ls / u01

10201_database_linux32.zip app database rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

Afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

SQL >

SQL >! Mkdir / u01/aa

SQL >! Ls-l / U01

Total 654232

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 668734007 Nov 6 2009 10201_database_linux32.zip

Drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 13 00:48 aa

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:33 afiedt.buf

Drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 8 22:38 app

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:32 b.sql

Drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 3 2005 database

-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 251438 Nov 19 2011 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 251438 Aug 12 21:55 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

SQL >

-the requirement is to save all the commands used by the query plus the results of the query-

SQL > spool / u01/a.txt

SQL > select ename from emp

ENAME

-

SMITH

ALLEN

WARD

JONES

MARTIN

BLAKE

CLARK

SCOTT

KING

TURNER

ADAMS

ENAME

-

JAMES

FORD

MILLER

14 rows selected.

The result of SQL > spool off is complete.

SQL >!

[oracle@server253 U01] $ls

10201_database_linux32.zip app database

Aa a.txt rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

Afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

[oracle@server253 U01] $vim a.txt

[oracle@server253 U01] $

Vim a.txt

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