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这篇文章主要介绍Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!

Nginx的rewrite功能支持正则匹配重写，即将URL地址临时或永久重新指向某个新的位置，类似于重定向。这个特性有利用当网站结构做出重大调整，如之前的网站mp3资源使用URL为www.site1.org/mp3进行访问，而现在服务器上mp3目录已经被使用music目录替换，那rewrite这个功能则能够轻松实现。其次如可以将site1.org强制调整到www.site1.org，反之亦可。这个指令位于ngx_http_rewrite_module模块。

一、rewrite指令语法描述

句法： rewrite regex replacement [flag];

默认： -

语境： server，location，if

如果指定的正则表达式与请求URI匹配，则URI将按照replacement字符串中的指定进行更改。

该rewrite指令在其在配置文件中出现的顺序顺序地执行。可以使用标志终止对伪指令的进一步处理。

如果替换字符串以" http://"，" https://"或" $scheme" 开头，则处理停止，并将重定向返回给客户端。

flag标志的作用是用于控制当匹配到对应的rewrite规则后是否继续检查后续的rewrite规则

可选flag参数可以是以下之一：

last

一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止检查后续的其它rewrite的规则，而后通过重写后的规则重新发起请求;

break

一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止后续的其它rewrite的规则，而后继续由nginx进行后续操作;

redirect

如果替换字符串不以" http://"，" https://"或" $scheme" 开头，则使用，返回302临时重定向;

permanent

返回301永久重定向;

注意：一般将rewrite写在location中时都使用break标志，或者将rewrite写在if上下文中;

其他指令

rewrite_log on|off

是否把重写过程记录在错误日志中;默认为notice级别;默认为off;

return code:

用于结束rewrite规则，并且为客户返回状态码;可以使用的状态码有204, 400, 402-406, 500-504等;

二、基于location上下文rewrite功能演示

本机环境 # more /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) # nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2配置nginx # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; } } # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/images # echo "This is a rewrite test page.">/www/site1.org/index.html # cp /usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/*.jpg /www/site1.org/images/ # vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.175 site1.org 192.168.1.175 www.site1.org # curl http://www.site1.org This is a rewrite test page. # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:47:58 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes修改rewrite.conf文件，添加rewrite指令 location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; } # systemctl reload nginx # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:02:38 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 169 Connection: keep-alive # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/imgs # mv /www/site1.org/images/Waves.jpg /www/site1.org/imgs/. # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:05:07 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52725 ##这种方式可以访问 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:06:17 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes模拟rewrite导致的http 500错误再次对rewrite.conf文件做如下修改， location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ; } # systemctl restart nginx # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52725 HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:16 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:28 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close通过上述的测试可知，出现了死循环导致的500错误。Nginx官方给出的参考样例： server { ... ##rewrite指令位于server上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last; ##将/download目录中包含media目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last; ##将/download目录中包含audio目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 return 403; ... } location /download/ { ##rewrite指令位于location上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; ##该last标志应该被替换 break，否则nginx将使10个周期返回500个错误 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break; return 403; }

三、基于if条件判断rewrite功能演示

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; if ($host != 'www.site1.org' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.site1.org/$1 permanent; } location / { ##Author : Leshami root /www/site1.org; ##Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ; } } # systemctl reload nginx.service本地测试(修改本地host文件) # curl http://site1.org ##返回301状态码 301 Moved Permanently 301 Moved Permanently nginx/1.12.2 Windows环境测试通过修改Windows机器Host文件后，添加如下条目 192.168.1.175 centos7-router.com 192.168.1.175 www.centos7-router.com打开浏览器，通过域名的方式进行访问http://site1.org会自动跳转到http://www.site1.org(演示略)

四、将http重写至https

在非全站https时，对于有些敏感的数据需有走https，那也可以通过rewrite方式实现

如下示例，假定https://www.site1.org/user目录下包含敏感信息，按可按如下方式rewrite

location ^~ /user { rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri? permanent; }全站https server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; access_log /var/log/nginx/http-access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/http-error.log; rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri; }以上是"Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写"这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读!希望分享的内容对大家有帮助，更多相关知识，欢迎关注行业资讯频道!

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