Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Early domain name resolution: computer NetBIOS name (15bit)

Physical address (MAC)

Virtualization

Cheap network card

IP address: IP subnet = VLAN (virtualization)

Method: Hosts file (IP address-computer name)

NetBIOS broadcast (Network Discovery, WINS Server)

Restrictions: mainly apply small and medium-sized local area networks & designated servers

DNS domain name service: IP address and specified computer name

Query the corresponding IP address in the internet&internal network with a simple name

Basic concept: interrelated database composition

The composition of a defined naming convention

Core components: DNS server (receive & initiate query), DNS database (DNS area (maintain DNS information (records)), DNS network protocol (TCP53 (synchronous database), UDP53 (query))

DNS servers: maintaining DNS zones (DNS databases)

Query

Query: client initiated: query the IP address of the locally set DNS server

Get the result directly: when the specified DNS server has query information in the local database

"non-authoritative reply": the result obtained is that the DNS server queries other DNS servers.

Procedure: local cache (ipconfig / displaydns&flushdns)

Local Hosts file (etc\ hosts)

Special application

The IP address of the DNS server in the Nic settings

DNS server query: you can only configure the DNS query service (cache DNS server), automatically cache the query results of all internal users, and manage the cache using the DNS command line tool (DNScmd)

Query mode

-Recursive query-efficient-DNS server settings-transponders to obtain query results directly by forwarding to the specified DNS server

After querying the root (Root) DNS server, step by step query-iterative query-result accuracy-DNS server settings-root hint

Internal computer management:

Record

Database type: forward lookup (FQDN-IP address)

Reverse lookup (IP address-FQDN)

Forward lookup:

Main area: the current DNS server can read, write, and query all records in the database

Secondary zone: the current DNS server can read and query all records in this database-used to back up major zone databases on other DNS servers, and administrators can configure secondary zone type databases as primary zone type databases

Stub area: only information about the server that maintains the DNS database is stored in this database-in a complex DNS environment (parent and child domains, etc.)

AD integration zone: for major regional databases, change the location of the database in this area from the original local path to the AD database

Main areas:

Subdomain: in the current primary area-create a new logical space-name with a new name-and suffix with the name of the current DNS region

Less internal configuration, in the public network environment: this method is used in most applications for public DNS names.

Delegate: in the current primary zone-create a new logical space-this space is a separate DNS zone (database)-maintained by other DNS servers-requires the DNS server specified by the current DNS zone delegation

Internal deployment: when multiple AD domain

External network environment: enterprises need to invest a lot of money to set up their own DNS dedicated servers to maintain DNS databases

Zone transfer: defines the configuration that the primary zone (database) on the specified DNS server is synchronized to the secondary zone (database) on the specified DNS server

Record type: information entries for computer names and IP addresses in the DNS database

General record:

A (host): computer name-IP address

Multiple host records with different names use the same IP address

Multiple identical host records use different IP addresses (DNS polling)

CNAME (alias): specify a different name for the host

NA (name server): information about the server that maintains that zone in the current DNS zone

SOA (authority): the main configuration for the current DNS area

Special record: used to describe a specific service for a specified host

MX: defines the record of mail transfer service provided by the specified host

SRV records: customize the specified services provided by the specified host

Service information: service name, service agreement, service port number, host providing the service

TXT: description record

SPF: anti-phishing mail server records

DNS name resolution:

GlobalNames zone: used instead of NetBIOS name method, requires manual configuration and manual update by administrator

Split DNS: internal DNS domain name is the same as internet domain name

Define that the internal DNS information cannot be obtained by server users on the external network.

Servers that integrate DNS with AD are not allowed to directly allow Ineternet network queries

DNS configuration

Server configuration-forwarding, root prompts, advanced settings, define logs

Aging\ cleanup: define the aging and cleanup cycle for automatically updating records

Clear obsolete resource records: manual cleanup

Database configuration: global configuration and zone transfer

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.