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The release process of 1.Java

On May 23rd, Sun officially released Java and HotJava browsers.

On January 23,1996, Sun officially released JDK 1.0.

On February 19, 1997, Sun officially released JDK 1.1.

On December 8, 1998, Sun officially released J2SE 1.2.

On May 8, 2000, Sun officially released J2SE 1.3.

On February 6, 2002, Sun officially released J2SE 1.4.

On September 30th, 2004, Sun officially released J2SE 1.5.

On December 11, 2006, Sun officially released Java SE 6.

Oracle released Java SE 7 on July 28th, 2011.

On March 18, 2014, Oracle released Java SE 8 (Special LTS).

Oracle released Java SE 9 (non-LTS) on September 21, 2017.

Oracle released Java SE 10 (non-LTS) on March 20, 2018.

On September 25th, 2018, Oracle released Java SE 11 (LTS).

Oracle released Java SE 12 (non-LTS) on March 19, 2019.

On September 17th, 2019, Oracle released Java SE 13 (non-LTS).

Oralce released Java SE 14 (non-LTS) on March 17, 2020.

Oracle released Java SE 15 (non-LTS) on September 15, 2020.

Oracle released Java SE 16 (non-LTS) on March 16, 2021.

The emergence of Oak in the Development History of 2.Java (the embryonic form of Java)

In the 1990s, a single-chip computer system appeared in the hardware field. as soon as this low-cost system appeared, it immediately attracted the attention of people in the field of automatic control. because using it can greatly improve the intelligence of consumer electronic products (such as TV set-top boxes, bread ovens, mobile phones, etc.). In order to seize the market opportunity, Sun Microsystems set up a project team called Green in 1991. James Gosling and his team formed a working group to research and develop new technologies in a small studio on Sand Dune Road, Menlo Park City, State of California, specializing in embedded applications of computers in home appliances.

Because of the advantages of C++, the researchers of the project team first considered using C++ to write the program. But for the monolithic system with extremely poor hardware resources, the C++ program is too complex and huge. In addition, due to the variety of embedded processor chips used in consumer electronic products, how to make the program run across platforms is also a difficult problem. In order to solve the difficulties, they first focused on the development of the language, assumed a hardware platform architecture with simple structure and met the needs of embedded applications, and formulated corresponding specifications for it. among them, the binary machine code instruction system of this hardware platform (that is, the instruction system that later became "bytecode") is defined, after the successful development of the language. Semiconductor chip manufacturers can develop and produce such hardware platforms. For the design of the new language, the research and development personnel of Sun company did not develop a new language, but reformed C++ according to the requirements of embedded software, removed some impractical components left in C++ and affected security, and combined with the real-time requirements of embedded system, developed an object-oriented language called Oak. Because there is no hardware platform for running bytecode when developing Oak language, in order to carry out experimental research on this language during development, they build a running platform with software on the basis of the existing hardware and software platform and according to their own specifications. The whole system is simpler than C++, and there is no big difference. In the summer of 1992, when the Oak language was successfully developed, researchers demonstrated the Green operating system, Oak programming language, class libraries and its hardware to hardware manufacturers to persuade them to use Oak to produce hardware chips. Because they thought that the risk of producing hardware products was too great when everyone knew nothing about the Oak language, the Oak language could not enter the market because of the lack of hardware support, so it was shelved.

In June and July 1994, after a three-day discussion, the team decided to change its goal again, this time to apply the technology to the World wide Web. They believe that with the advent of Mosaic browsers, the Internet is evolving to the same highly interactive vision they see on cable networks. As a prototype, Patrick Norton wrote a small World wide Web browser WebRunner.

The birth of Java in 1995

In 1995, the vigorous development of the Internet gave Oak the opportunity. In order to make rigid and monotonous static web pages "flexible", the industry is in urgent need of a software technology to develop a program, which can be spread through the network and run across platforms. As a result, the world's major IT enterprises have invested a lot of human, material and financial resources. At this time, Sun remembered the Oak that had been shelved for a long time, and re-examined the experimental platform written in software. because it was written in accordance with the hardware platform architecture of the embedded system, it was very small and especially suitable for transmission systems on the network, while Oak is also a simplified language, the program is very small, suitable for transmission on the network. Sun first introduced Applet that can be embedded in a web page and transmitted over the web along with it (Applet is a technology that embeds Mini Program into a web page for execution) and renamed Oak to Java (when applying for a trademark, it found that Oak had already been used, and after thinking of a series of names, finally, it used the word Java that the proponent accidentally mentioned when drinking a cup of Java coffee).

On May 23,1995, Sun officially launched Java and HotJava browsers at the Sun world meeting. IBM, Apple, DEC, Adobe, HP, Oracle, Netscape and Microsoft and other major companies have stopped their related development projects, competed to buy the Java license, and developed the corresponding Java platform for their own products.

In 1996, Sun released the first JDK

On January 23,1996, Sun released the first development kit of Java (JDK 1.0), which is an important milestone in the development of Java and marks that Java has become an independent development tool. In September, about 83000 web pages were made using Java technology. In October, Sun released JIT (Just-In-Time Compiler), the first just-in-time compiler for the Java platform.

In April 1996, the 10 leading operating system vendors announced that they would embed JAVA technology in their products.

In September 1996, about 83000 web pages were made using JAVA technology.

JDK 1.1 was launched on February 19, 1997, and reached 220000 downloads in the following three weeks.

On April 2, 1997, the Java One Conference was held with more than 10, 000 participants, setting a record for similar meetings in the world at that time.

In September 1997, the Java Developer Connection community had more than 100000 members.

In February 1998, JDK1.1 was downloaded more than 2, 0 times.

In December 1998, J2SE was used instead of JDK to distinguish between J2EE and J2ME platforms.

JAVA2 enterprise platform J2EE was released on December 8, 1998. the subsequent version until J2SE 5.0 was renamed Java 2, and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish between J2EE (Java 2 platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform,Micro Edition) base platform. This is a very important version of Java, which tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages.

On April 27th, 1999, the HotSpot virtual machine was released. The HotSpot virtual machine was released as an add-on to JDK 1.2 and has since become the default virtual machine for all versions of Sun JDK in JDK 1.3 and later.

In June 1999, Sun released three versions of the second generation Java platform (Java2 for short):

J2ME (a miniature version of the Java2 Micro Edition,Java2 platform) for mobile, wireless and resource-limited environments

J2SE (standard version of the Java 2 Standard Edition,Java 2 platform) for desktop environments

J2EE (Enterprise Edition of Java 2 Enterprise Edition,Java 2 platform) for Java-based application servers. The release of the Java 2 platform is the most important milestone in the development of Java, marking the beginning of the popularity of Java applications.

JDK 1.3 was released on May 8, 2000.

JDK 1.4 was released on May 29th, 2000.

On June 5, 2001, NOKIA announced that it would sell 100 million Java-enabled mobile phones by 2003.

J2EE1.3 was released on September 24th, 2001.

On February 26th, 2002, J2SE1.4 was released. Since then, the computing power of Java has improved significantly, with nearly 62% more classes and interfaces than J2SE1.3. Among these new features are extensive XML support, secure socket (Socket) support (through SSL and TLS protocols), new I/OAPI, regular expressions, logs, and assertions.

J2SE1.5 was released on September 30th, 2004, which became another milestone in the history of Java language development. To show the importance of this version, J2SE 1.5 was renamed Java SE 5.0 (build 1.5.0) and codenamed "Tiger", and Tiger contains the most significant updates since the release of version 1.0 in 1996, including generics support, autoboxing of basic types, improved loops, enumerated types, formatted Ihand O, and variable parameters.

In 2005, J2SE 6 was released and renamed to Java SE 6 (platform-wide renaming removed'2')

In June 2005, the JavaOne conference was held, and Sun made Java SE 6 public. At this point, various versions of Java have been renamed to cancel the number "2": J2EE renamed Java EE,J2SE to Java SE,J2ME renamed Java ME.

In 2006, Sun announced that Java is based on GPL open source.

On November 13, 2006, Sun announced that Java adopted GNU General Public License Version 2 and released Java technology as free software, thus officially revealing the first batch of source code of the standard version of Java platform and the executable source code of Java mini version.

On December 11, 2006, Sun changed its original name "J2SE" to "Java SE" and then removed ".0" from the version number, while the developer's internal number was still 1.6.0. This version is based on JSR 270. In the development phase, new versions are released about every week, including some feature enhancements and bug fixes. The Beta version was released in February and June 2006, which is why December 11, 2006 became the final version.

On December 23, 2006, Java SE 6 was officially released.

Since March 2007, Java source code can be modified by all developers around the world.

Sun was acquired by Oracle in 2009

On April 20, 2009, Oracle announced the acquisition of Sun.

In December 2009, Sun released Java EE 6.

On January 27th, Oracle completed its acquisition of Sun.

James Gosling, one of the co-founders of Java programming language, resigned from Oracle on April 2, 2010.

In November 2010, Oracle threatened to quit JCP because of Apache's unfriendliness to the Java community.

On July 28th, Oracle held a global event to celebrate the launch of Java7, and then Java7 was officially released.

Java8 (Special LTS) released in March 2014

On March 18, 2014, Oracle released Java SE 8 (Special LTS).

Java9 (non-LTS) released in September 2017 and launched a new version control and release rhythm model

On September 21, 2017, Oracle released Java SE 9 (non-LTS) and launched a new version control and release rhythm model. The overall release rhythm is to release a new version every six months, in which the non-LTS version is released every six months and the LTS version is released every three years (when the two release times conflict, the LTS version will be released first, and the non-LTS version will be postponed by one cycle). The non-LTS version will be commercially supported for six months after its release and will be replaced by a new release version when it expires; the LTS version will receive at least eight years of commercial support (which may be extended according to market needs) and will be replaced by a new LTS version when it expires.

Oracle released Java SE 10 (non-LTS) on March 20, 2018.

Java11 (LTS) released in September 2018

On September 25th, 2018, Oracle released Java SE 11 (LTS).

Introduction of ZGC: scalable low-latency garbage collector (experimental).

Many features in previous versions have been removed, especially Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available, and JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK.

Oracle released Java SE 12 (non-LTS) on March 19, 2019.

On September 17th, 2019, Oracle released Java SE 13 (non-LTS).

Oralce released Java SE 14 (non-LTS) on March 17, 2020.

Oracle released Java SE 15 (non-LTS) on September 15, 2020.

Oracle released Java SE 16 (non-LTS) on March 16, 2021.

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