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This article mainly explains "what are the steps of Java database development". The content of the explanation is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn "what are the steps of Java database development".

1. Basic stage

In the basic stage, we come into contact with JDBC (Java Data Base Connectivity), which is the most basic tool for our Java program to access the database, and it helps us encapsulate the tedious protocol of interacting with the database.

After mastering the correct posture of JDBC, we also need to master some skills of using JDBC in typical specific scenes, which will play an important role in our actual engineering development. For example, in the scenario of reading a large amount of data, if you read the data in the database according to the normal steps, it is easy to have the exception of OOM (Out of memory). In order to solve this exception, we need to use the "cursor" technology to read the massive data by reading the result set many times.

two。 Frame stage

The main purpose of the basic stage of learning is to master the most basic problems of how to access the database in the Java program. In the framework stage, we focus on solving the problems of code maintainability, reusability, scalability and readability.

During the Java interview, our students are often asked about the related topics of "design pattern". The essence of the framework is to solidify the idea of the design pattern into the overall structural class and the relationship between objects in the application. The purpose of using the framework is to enable developers to focus more on business logic without paying attention to code structure design, improve code development efficiency, and ensure high code quality.

The learning of the framework phase makes it more efficient for us to develop applications, and we can quickly build a database-based Java application through MyBatis. However, the database is the only or main persistence component in the back end, and the request processing capacity and response time of the database largely determine the overall performance of the application, so database performance optimization becomes the main content of the next stage of learning.

Database performance optimization for program developers, it mainly includes database access optimization, SQL optimization and deadlock processing and resolution. Database access optimization mainly refers to the use and tuning of connection pooling. Connection pooling can avoid the performance overhead caused by repeated creation and destruction of connections, greatly improve data access performance, and limit the number of database connections to avoid system overload. At present, excellent open source products in the industry, including DBCP and C3P0, are good choices for developers. In addition to the basic use of connection pooling, what is more complex is the optimization of connection pooling, including failed connection detection, automatic reconnection, active connection control, etc., which need to be configured based on certain development experience to achieve * optimization.

3. Tuning stage

SQL tuning is mainly aimed at optimizing the SQL statements written by program developers, including whether the SQL statements are indexed or not, whether the index selection is efficient, and so on. This part of the skills for developers, it is more important to master the basic troubleshooting methods, including slow SQL statements, view the execution plan, check the differentiation of the index, etc., and complete SQL tuning according to the results of the troubleshooting.

Database as a large system that deduces concurrent programming to *, the execution of SQL statements will involve locking different objects, and the concurrent execution of multiple SQL statements will lead to the problem of deadlock. Deadlock troubleshooting and resolution is a very challenging thing for ordinary developers, because many details of database kernel implementation are involved. For developers, master the basic troubleshooting tools. Understanding the database locking methods of as many different SQL statements as possible is the fundamental way to solve the deadlock problem.

4. Architecture phase

The author sums up the stage of database development skills learning as the architecture stage, in which we need to consider the database availability, reliability, scalability and other problems at a higher level. In our practical work, we often hear that a system is unavailable because the database is down, which also reflects the importance of high database availability.

In a mature system, there must be a complete set of highly available database solutions. At present, the highly available solutions in the industry include replication-based master-slave data synchronization technology, MHA, DRBD, Galera, NDB, etc., each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The key is to look at the specific business application scenarios and choose the appropriate solution. For example, NDB does not apply to the database of the InnoDB storage engine. This requires us to have a clear understanding of the pros and cons of each scheme, which we need to learn.

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