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This article mainly introduces why the common LAN topology can be divided into types, which can be used for reference. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope you will gain a lot after reading this article. Let's take a look at it.

At present, the topology of local area network is generally bus, ring and star structure, and most of the other topologies are derived or combined from these three structures. There are two types of ring structures, namely single-ring structure and double-ring structure. Token ring is a typical representative of single-ring structure, and optical fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) is a typical representative of double-ring structure.

The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Network topology refers to the physical layout of various devices interconnected by transmission media. In order to realize the interconnection of computers and other devices in the network, we need to connect in a certain structural way, which is called "topology". Generally speaking, it is how these network devices are connected together. The common network topologies are bus structure, ring structure, star structure, tree structure, network structure and so on.

Local area network (Local Area Network,LAN) is a kind of private network, which generally exists in a building. Local area networks are widely used to connect personal computers and consumer electronic devices, enabling them to share resources (such as servers, printers) and exchange information. When a local area network is used in a company, it is called an Enterprise Network.

Local area network is generally divided into wired LAN and wireless LAN. Wired Lans use a variety of different transmission technologies. Most of them use copper wire as the transmission medium, but some use optical fiber. Typically, wired Lans run at speeds of between 100 Mbit/s~l Gbit/s, with low latency (microseconds or nanoseconds), and few errors occur. Newer Lans can even operate at speeds as high as 10 Gbit/s.

The common LAN topology can be divided into bus type, ring type and star type. Most of the other topologies are derived or combined from these three structures.

Bus structure

The bus structure uses a single communication line (bus) as the common transmission channel, and all nodes are directly connected to the bus through the corresponding interface, and data transmission is carried out through the bus. For example, a computer or other shared device that makes up a network is connected to a cable, as shown in figure 1. Because a single cable supports only one channel, computers connected to the cable and other shared devices share all the capacity of the cable. The more devices connected to the bus, the slower the network sends and receives data. [4]

The bus network uses broadcast transmission technology, all nodes on the bus can send data to the bus, and the data propagates along the bus. However, because all nodes share the same common channel, only one site is allowed to send data at any time. When a node sends data and propagates on the bus, the data can be received by all other nodes on the bus. After receiving the data, each station analyzes the destination physical address and then decides whether to receive the data or not. Thick and thin coaxial cable Ethernet is a typical representative of this structure.

Annular structure

In the ring structure, each workstation has the same status, and they are sequentially connected to each other to form a closed ring in which data can be transmitted one-way or two-way. The structure of the ring topology is simple and the transmission delay is determined, but the communication line between each station and the connecting station in the ring will become the bottleneck of the network reliability. the communication failure of any station in the ring will cause the network paralysis.

There are two types of ring structures, namely single-ring structure and double-ring structure. Token ring is a typical representative of single-ring structure, and optical fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) is a typical representative of double-ring structure.

Stellate structure

Each node of the star structure is connected by a point-to-point link to the central node (common central switching equipment, such as switches, hubs, etc.), as shown in figure 3. If a node in a star network sends data to another node, it first sends the data to the central device, and then the central device forwards the data to the target node. The transmission of information is realized through the store-and-forward technology of the central node, and can only communicate with other nodes through the central node. Star network is the most commonly used topology in local area network.

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