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I would like to share with you what the central processing unit of the computer includes. I believe most people do not know much about it, so share this article for your reference. I hope you will learn a lot after reading this article. Let's learn about it together.

The central processing unit includes an arithmetic unit and a controller. The arithmetic unit refers to the part that carries out all kinds of arithmetic and logic operations in the computer, in which the arithmetic logic unit is the core part of the central processing. The controller refers to the main command device which controls the start, speed regulation, braking and reverse of the motor by changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and the resistance value in the circuit according to the predetermined order.

Central processing unit (CPU) is one of the main equipment of electronic computer and the core accessory of computer. Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. CPU is the core component in the computer which is responsible for reading instructions, decoding instructions and executing instructions. The CPU mainly consists of two parts, namely, the controller and the arithmetic unit, including the cache memory and the data and control bus to realize the relationship between them. The three core components of electronic computer are CPU, internal memory and input / output equipment. The main functions of the CPU are processing instructions, performing operations, controlling time, and processing data.

In the computer architecture, CPU is the core hardware unit that controls and allocates all the hardware resources of the computer (such as memory, input and output units) and performs general operations. CPU is the core of computer operation and control. The operations of all software layers in a computer system will eventually be mapped to CPU operations through instruction sets.

For the CPU, it can be regarded as a large-scale integrated circuit, whose main task is to process and process all kinds of data. The storage capacity of traditional computers is relatively small, so it is difficult to process large-scale data, and the processing effect is relatively low. With the rapid development of information technology in China, high-configuration processor computers have emerged. Taking the high-configuration processor as the control center plays an important role in improving the structure and function of computer CPU. The core part of the CPU is the controller and arithmetic unit, which plays an important role in improving the overall function of the computer, and can realize the diffusion of many functions, such as storage control, logical operation, signal receiving and sending and so on. it lays a good foundation for improving the performance of the computer.

The integrated circuit plays the role of regulating signals in the computer, performing different instruction tasks according to the user's operation instructions. The CPU is a very large-scale integrated circuit. It consists of arithmetic unit, controller, register and so on, as shown in the following figure, the key operation lies in the processing and processing of all kinds of data.

The traditional computer has small storage capacity and low operation efficiency in the face of large-scale data sets. The new generation of computers uses high-configuration processors as the control center, and CPU has a lot of room for improvement in structure and function. The CPU takes the arithmetic unit and controller as the main device, and gradually spreads to many functions, such as logic operation, register control, program coding, signal sending and receiving and so on. All these accelerate the optimization and upgrade of CPU regulation performance.

Core part

Arithmetic unit

An arithmetic unit is a part of a computer that performs all kinds of arithmetic and logic operations, in which the arithmetic logic unit is the core part of the central processing.

(1) arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Arithmetic logic unit is a combinational logic circuit which can realize multiple groups of arithmetic operations and logic operations, and it is an important part of central processing. The operations of arithmetic logic units are mainly binary arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction and multiplication. In the process of operation, arithmetic logic unit mainly uses computer instructions to perform arithmetic and logic operations. Generally speaking, ALU can play the role of direct read-out, which is embodied in processor controller, memory, input and output devices and so on. Input and output is based on bus. The input instruction contains an instruction word, including opcodes, format codes, and so on.

(2) intermediate register (IR). Its length is 128 bits, and its actual length is determined by operands. IR plays an important role in the "stack and fetch" instruction. During the execution of the instruction, the contents of ACC are sent to IR, then the operands are fetched to ACC, and then the contents of IR are put into the stack.

(3) arithmetic accumulator (ACC). Current registers are generally single accumulators with a length of 128 bits. For ACC, think of it as a variable-length accumulator. In the process of describing the instruction, the representation of ACC length is generally based on the value of ACS, and there is a direct relationship between ACS length and ACC length, and the doubling or halving of ACS length can also be regarded as doubling or halving ACC length.

(4) description word register (DR). It is mainly used in storing and modifying description words. The length of DR is 64 bits, and the use of descriptors plays an important role in simplifying data structure processing.

(5) B register. It plays an important role in the modification of the instruction. The length of the B register is 32 bits. The amount of address modification can be saved in the process of changing the address, and the main memory address can only be modified by description words. Pointing to the first element in the array is the descriptor, so accessing other elements in the array should require modifications. For the composition of numbers, it is composed of data of the same size or elements of the same size, and it is stored continuously, and the common access method is the vector description word, because the address in the vector description word is a byte address, so, in the conversion process, the basic address should be added first. For conversion work, it is mainly implemented automatically by hardware, and special attention should be paid to alignment in this process so as not to cross the boundaries of the array.

Controller

The controller refers to the main command device which controls the start, speed regulation, braking and reverse of the motor by changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and changing the resistance value in the circuit according to the predetermined order. The controller is composed of program status register PSR, system state register SSR, program counter PC, instruction average register and so on. As a "decision-making body", its main task is to issue commands and play the role of coordination and command of the whole computer system operation. The classification of control mainly includes two kinds, namely combinational logic controller and microprogram controller, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the structure of the combinational logic controller is relatively complex, but the advantage is that the speed is fast; the structure of the microprogram controller is simple, but in modifying a machine instruction function, all the microprograms need to be reprogrammed.

The above is all the contents of the article "what does the CPU of a computer include?" Thank you for reading! I believe we all have a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help you, if you want to learn more knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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