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China's first computer is called 103; in 1958, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first small tube general-purpose computer 103 (Bayi), marking the birth of China's first electronic computer.

Operating environment of this article: Windows7 system, DELL G3 computer

What was the name of the first computer in our country?

Over the past 10 years, China's microcomputer industry has gone through an extraordinary road. In 1958, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first small tube general-purpose computer 103 (Bayi), marking the birth of China's first electronic computer.

Development of domestic computer (1965-1972)

In 1965, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first large-scale transistor computer: 109 B, improved 109 B, and launched 109 C two years later, which played an important role in China's two-bomb trial production and was praised as the "meritorious machine" by users. The North China Institute of Computing has successfully developed 108,108B (DJS-6), 121m (DJS-21) and 320m (DJS-8), and produced them in five factories including 738 factories. From 1965 to 1975, the 738 factory produced more than 380 second-generation products such as 320 machines. In February 1965, Harbin military Industry (predecessor of the University of National Defense Science and Technology) successfully launched 441B transistor computers and produced more than 40 sets in small batches.

Computer Development of small and medium-sized Integrated Circuits in China (1973-early 1980s)

In 1973, Peking University cooperated with Beijing Cable Power Plant to develop a large general-purpose computer with a computing speed of 1 million times per second. In 1974, Tsinghua University and other units jointly designed a successful DJS-130 minicomputer, and later launched a DJS-140 minicomputer, forming a series of products. At the same time, take the North China Computing Institute as the main base, organize 57 units across the country to jointly design DJS-200 series computers, and also design and develop DJS-180 series super minicomputers. In the late 1970s, the 32 Institute of the Ministry of Electronics and the University of National Defense Science and Technology successfully developed 655 and 151 machines, both at speeds of one million times. In the 1980s, China's high-speed computers, especially vector computers, have made new developments.

Computer Development of very large scale Integrated Circuits in China (since mid-1980s)

Like foreign countries, the development of the fourth generation of computers in China began with microcomputers. At the beginning of 1980, many units in China also began to develop microcomputers by using Z80 focus X86 and 6502 chips. In 1983, the DJS-0520 microcomputer compatible with IBM PC was successfully developed by the sixth Institute of the 12th Ministry of Electronics. Over the past 10 years, China's microcomputer industry has gone through an extraordinary road.

China's achievements

In 1958, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first small tube general-purpose computer 103 (Bayi), marking the birth of China's first electronic computer.

In 1965, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed the first large transistor computer 109B, and then launched 109C, which played an important role in the two-bomb test.

In 1974, Tsinghua University and other units jointly designed and developed a DJS-130 minicomputer with integrated circuits, with a computing speed of 1 million times per second.

In 1983, the University of National Defense Science and Technology successfully developed a Galaxy-I supercomputer with a computing speed of more than 100 million times per second, which is an important milestone in the development of high-speed computers in China.

In 1985, the computer Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Electronic Industry successfully developed the Great Wall 0520CH microcomputer which is compatible with IBM PC.

In 1992, the University of National Defense Science and Technology developed the Galaxy-Ⅱ general parallel supercomputer, with a peak speed of 400 million floating-point operations per second (equivalent to 1 billion basic operations per second). It is a four-processor vector machine with shared main memory. Its vector central processor is self-designed with small and medium-sized integrated circuits, which generally reaches the international advanced level in the middle and late 1980s. It is mainly used for medium-range weather forecast.

In 1993, the National Intelligent computer Research and Development Center (after the establishment of Beijing dawning computer Company) successfully developed the dawning-1 fully symmetrical shared memory multiprocessor, which is the first parallel computer designed and developed based on VLSI general-purpose microprocessor chip and standard UN Ⅸ operating system in China.

In 1995, dawning launched the first parallel computer dawning 1000 (including 36 processors) with massively parallel processor (MPP) architecture in China, with a peak speed of 2.5 billion floating-point operations per second, and the actual operation speed reached the high-performance level of 1 billion floating-point operations per second. Dawning 1000 is similar to the large-scale parallel machine architecture and implementation technology introduced by American Intel Company in 1990, and the gap between dawning 1000 and foreign countries is narrowed to about 5 years.

In 1997, the University of Science and Technology of National Defense successfully developed the Galaxy-Ⅲ parallel supercomputer system, which adopts a scalable distributed shared memory parallel processing architecture, which is composed of more than 130 processing nodes, and its peak performance is 13 billion floating-point operations per second. The system synthesis technology has reached the international advanced level in the mid-1990s.

From 1997 to 1999, dawning launched dawning 1000A, dawning 2000-I and dawning 2000-Ⅱ super servers in the market with cluster architecture (Cluster). The peak computing speed has exceeded 100 billion floating-point operations per second, and the machine scale has exceeded 160processors.

In 1999, the Shenwei I computer developed by the National parallel computer Engineering Technology Research Center passed the national acceptance test and was put into operation in the National Meteorological Center. The system has 384 operation processing units with a peak operation speed of 384 billion operations per second.

In 2000, dawning launched dawning 3000 super server with 300 billion floating-point operations per second.

In 2001, the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first general-purpose CPU-- "Godson" chip.

In 2002, dawning Company launched the "Longteng" server with completely independent intellectual property rights. The Longteng server adopted the "Longxin-1" CPU, the server special motherboard jointly developed by dawning Company and the Computing Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the dawning LINUX operating system. The server is the first product in China to fully realize its own property rights and will play an important role in national defense, security and other departments. In 2003, 100 trillion times of data processing super server dawning 4000L passed the national acceptance, once again refreshing the historical record of domestic super server, making the domestic high-performance industry to a new level.

On April 9, 2003, the C*Core (China Core) Industry Alliance, composed of 61 integrated circuit enterprises, including Suzhou National Core, Nanjing Panda, SMIC International, Shanghai Hongli, Shanghai Beiling, Hangzhou Shilan, Beijing National Integrated Circuit industrialization Base, Peking University, Tsinghua University and so on, was established in Nanjing, seeking to work together to build a complete industrial chain of China's integrated circuits. On December 9, 2003, the "Shenteng 6800" supercomputer, the main node of the national grid undertaken by Lenovo, was officially developed successfully, with an actual operation speed of 4.183 trillion times per second, ranking 14th in the world and running efficiency of 78.5%.

The "China Core Project" results presentation meeting was held in the Great Hall of the people on December 28, 2003. China's "Starlight China Core" project developed and designed five generations of digital multimedia chips. it occupies the number one position in the world for computer image input chips with a market share of more than 40% in the international market.

At the executive meeting of the State Council on March 24, 2004, the "Electronic signature Law of the people's Republic of China (draft)" was adopted in principle, indicating that China's electronic business is gradually on the track of the legal system.

On June 21, 2004, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy announced the latest list of the top 500 computers in the world. Dawning 4000A, a supercomputer developed by dawning computer Company, ranked 10th, with a computing speed of 8.061 trillion times.

The Electronic signature Law was formally implemented on April 1, 2005. The Electronic signature Law of the people's Republic of China has been formally implemented. Since then, electronic signature has the same legal effect as traditional handwritten signature and seal, and will promote and standardize the development of electronic transactions in China.

On April 18, 2005, "Godson II" was officially unveiled. Developed by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's first general-purpose high-performance CPU "Godson II" with independent intellectual property rights was officially unveiled.

On May 1, 2005, Lenovo completed the merger and acquisition of IBM PC. Lenovo officially announced the completion of the acquisition of IBM's global PC business. Lenovo has become the third largest PC manufacturer in the world with annual revenue of about 13 billion US dollars and annual sales of 14 million personal computers.

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