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This article mainly explains the "brief introduction of several file systems under Linux". The content in the article is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn "a brief introduction to several file systems under Linux".

Ext

Ext is the most popular Linux file system, and the latest version of Ext 4 has been very stable and has been the default choice for most Linux distributions over the past few years. Starting with Android version 2.3, Ext 4 replaces the previous YAFFS as the default file system. Due to its widespread use and endorsement by large companies such as Google, Ext 4 is considered to be a mature and stable file system suitable for most uses, including Linux desktop users.

As an upgraded version of the Ext 3 file system, Ext 4 has greatly improved in speed and capacity, and the time required for fsck has been greatly reduced. In terms of capacity, Ext 4 supports maximum partition 1EB, maximum file 16TB, and maximum number of files 4 billion. As a journaling file system, the Ext 4 file system records the location of files on disk and any changes to the disk, and uses checksums to improve the reliability of the file system. However, Ext 4 does not support advanced features such as transparent compression, transparent encryption, snapshots, and so on.

Theodore Ts'o, the core developer of the Ext file system, is of Chinese descent and currently works at Google. He is also a senior developer of the Linux kernel and Debian systems.

XFS

XFS is a high-performance journaling file system designed and developed by SGI. It is one of the most advanced and scalable file systems in the industry and is currently the default file format of CentOS. XFS is good at dealing with large files and provides very high throughput and smooth data transmission on large file systems. It is suitable for users with large amounts of data. It is widely used in enterprise applications and big data fields.

XFS file and directory index adopts B + tree structure, which queries and allocates storage space very quickly, and the performance is not limited by the number of directories and files. The XFS file system can continuously provide fast response time to store data close to the performance of the bare device I IOPS O, and the overall IOPS performance is higher, more stable, and less latency than the Ext 4 in most scenarios, especially under high Imax O pressure. XFS is particularly good at parallel IO because of its distribution group (allocation group)-based design, which makes the number of IO threads, file system bandwidth, file and file system sizes highly scalable when the file system spans multiple storage devices.

XFS supports a maximum of 8EB individual files. XFS formats and mounts very quickly and provides online defragmentation. The XFS file system also has some shortcomings, such as it can not be compressed directly, does not support transparent compression, lack of parity protection and so on.

ReiserFS

The ReiserFS file system used to be the most advanced and best-performing file system on the Linux operating system. As the default file system of SuSE Linux Enterprise, ReiserFS has been pushed by Novell.

The ReiserFS file system uses the B* tree to store files, which is very fast to find location files, and has an advantage in dealing with a large number of small files, which is several times faster than Ext 4 in some cases. Performance in the personal desktop system, the use of ReiserFS file system can achieve faster boot speed, load documents, pictures are also faster.

Hans Reiser, the author of ReiserFS, is Russian-American and leads Namesys, a company dedicated to the development and maintenance of the ReiserFS file system. ReiserFS was originally the most promising file system on the Linux platform, but when Hans Reiser was jailed for killing his wife in 2006, the development of ReiserFS stalled and missed the best development opportunity. However, a small number of developers are still working on subsequent versions of ReiserFS, and Reiser 4 has been redesigned with many leading file system features, but is not yet in the Linux kernel.

Btrfs

Btrfs is a file system that supports replication on write (COW). Very similar to ZFS, it is considered to be the most promising file system for Linux in the future, replacing the currently widely used Ext 4 file system. Btrfs also claims to be focused on "fault tolerance, repair and ease of management".

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