Shulou(Shulou.com)05/31 Report--

This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what can Unix do?". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma. Then let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

NT can be connected to different kinds of computers. It can also be found on UNIX.

NT can securely process sensitive data and prevent unauthorized users from accessing the network. It can also be found on UNIX.

Basically, both of them can meet the requirements of the network operating system. To put it simply, the UNIX version can be done by NT, and it can be stronger.

Multi-user and remote execution

NT is generally thought of as a "multi-user" operating system, but this is completely misleading. The NT host can authorize a user. Once the user has access to the computer, all he or she can do is access files and print tables. The NT user cannot run any programs on the computer (to take advantage of the computer's higher-end hardware processing power). NT users can only execute some special software, which is written in two pieces, such as master / slave software.

When a host uses access to the UNIX, he or she can execute any software (of course, the user needs to have execution permission) and share the travel load with the host. This also includes a graphical interface because X-server software is standard on all UNIX systems.

Email server

For most companies, email has become a necessary tool for communication, and most companies run their own internal / external email systems. With Windows NT, you need to buy your own software to set up your email host.

UNIX's system has always come with a program called Sendmail. There are many other mail software (or multilateral trade agreements, mail transfer agents) available on UNIX, but this is the most widely used and free. Some UNIX managers think that import / export or qmail is a better choice because it is easier to set up. Import, export and qmail, like sendmail's, are free, whether you are for business or not.

Many NT-based companies use Microsoft Exchange server as their patriotic movement. This is an expensive solution and can only be done in a few enterprises. Microsoft Exchange Server Enterprise Edition-25 person version $3549.00. If you have more than 25 employees, the same thing costs $4859.00 for 50 people (source: Microsoft) later in this article, there is a section called Mail Server Program (MTA), which provides comparison and comparison between the two systems.

Network management function

Since Microsoft sees NT as a cash cow, it can be a substitute for other network systems, including Novell's UNIX and. One would assume that NT will have the necessary tools to accomplish these most basic tasks: file and list sharing.

Any system / network administrator has learned from experience that when setting up a file server and adding new network users, there are two important things that must be done: security issues, such as passwords, file access permissions; network hard disk space quota (disk quota), which is used to limit users' network access space limit.

Although NT provides basic password protection, it only provides basic file-level security, and only if you choose to use Microsoft's unique file system, called NTFS format. Some MIS departments are reluctant to develop this file system because they feel that the file system often breaks down and needs to be rebuilt, which has become a great obstacle to its use.

It is generally believed that the format of NTFS cannot be read by DOS. The rune knapstad tells me that DOS has a utility called NTFSDOS that can be mounted to the NTFS file system. Interestingly, this is a product that supports manufacturers, not a soft system.

More importantly, NT does not provide any mechanism to limit the space of users' hard drives!

On the other hand, UNIX and Novell provide software to achieve this, and regard it as a basic function.

Microsoft announced that it will provide the "new" access management features, such as disk quotas (disk quotas), on the uncompleted NT server 5.0. no, no, no. "

Process management function

Also, UNIX's operating system comes with scripting languages (Bourne Shell, Korn Shell, C Shell, and sometimes Perl,Perl is actually free, just a few of them are mentioned here) and a mechanism called "cron" to do transactions at regular intervals (intervals ñ minutes, intervals ñ hours, weekly, monthly, etc.). Cron scheduling is highly programmable, and it's not just doing these things. These alone, the high-level description language Corn = a powerful tool for system management, similar features can not be found in Microsoft NT Server 4.0. The important tasks of system management can be performed automatically, and these automatic management tasks can be planned according to the requirements, which directly affect the number of employees and budget.

One reader pointed out that NT does have a "schedule" and an "in" instruction, which is also available on Perl's NT. Yes, this is true, but I don't think NT's limited cmd.exe scripting environment combined with "scheduling" or "scheduling" can achieve the above functions that can be achieved on UNIX.

Perform automated tasks only if the script / task / executable can be executed automatically without human intervention. Most programs that run under NT are GUI-based and require the intervention of system administrators. In reality, these automatic management programs are written by system managers according to the characteristics of the machine. Based on my personal experience in the industry, few NT will install Perl, and most NT managers don't know what Perl is.

I think what drives the growth of NT is that it is convenient to buy cheap hardware and hire the cheapest NT managers. In addition, buy a NT, because all you need to do is click and click!

To sum up, once you log in to NT's network, all you can do is read files and print.

In the UNIX environment, once you log in to the host of the UNIX, you can treat the machine you are using as the host of the UNIX, as if you were sitting on the UNIX computer at the other end.

With NT, don't dream of setting up an email server as convenient and free as it is on UNIX. You may want to buy another set of expensive mail servers such as Microsoft Exchange servers.

What else can you do if your NT server is to be used as a file server? )-Don't dream of causing the mainframe to collapse because the user fills up your host hard drive space.

Reducing the frequency of planning settings, and not causing negative factors due to the setting of hosts, is another function:

"some versions of UNIX (such as Linux) support dynamically loadable modules. This means that you can start the Linux and replan the software and hardware as it executes. For example, when you start Linux, the software does not support the SCSI card that you just installed. You only need to load the drivers of the supported SCSI card, such as Mo, to back up when needed. The driver can be removed when you finish, and the process does not need to be rebooted. You can load anything such as sound cards, network cards, and even file systems such as HPFS, fat, VFAT partitions and others (including NTFS).

"any UNIX that supports dynamically loadable modules is more suitable for the host environment, because all planning processes do not have to be rebooted, which is very important for the host.

"there's nothing you can do about Windows NT. Any minimal change requires shutdown and reboot for the change to take effect. Change to the IP address of the default gateway, and you need to reboot. If you switch to an external modem, you can't put the number online without rebooting. These restrictions have never been seen on UNIX.

As the network becomes more and more complex, the enterprise version of Microsoft's NT Server 4.0does not seem to be comparable to the more mature commercial UNIX operating system. Although not necessary for network speed, 64-bit computing has been performed on many UNIX today (as opposed to NT's 32-bit). Brown Associates of the Department of Health reported the following analysis:

AIX 4.3 takes the lead in the Internet / intranet, providing a wide range of TCP / IP functions and the annotation server that comes with the system. Digital UNIX is the second place, with its powerful network security function, with not only web browsing function, but also web page creation function navigation money, and a series of TCP / IP functions. However, digital UNIX lacks NFS features, such as CacheFS's and AutoFS's. IRIX 6.4. ranked third, with CacheFS and AutoFS, network security features are almost as strong as digital UNIX. However, IRIX lacks the ability of Network time Service (NTP) and part of TCP / IP (such as IPv6 and IPSec). Sun is closely followed by its good support for NFS functions and the ability of TCP / IP in the second group.

However, Sun relies on its own web servers instead of Netscape, Microsoft or Apache, and lacks web authoring tools and other NDS directory services such as Novell. Hewlett-Packard provides strong Internet support on HP-UX, coupled with its high-end Internet protocol functions and network security, as well as insufficient support for NFS. HP-UX, and AIX, also take the lead in the supported NDS. When Microsoft NT 4. 0 provides some Internet / intranet support, in these systems are classified as "good" under the comparison. NT lags far behind these leading UNIX vendors because NT lacks ridiculous support, such as lack of directory services, network security, NFS, and just a few TCP / IP features. Microsoft is really too focused on its website server, adding some enhancements, and 'tweaking' its Java virtual machine.

This is the end of what Unix can do. Thank you for your reading. If you want to know more about the industry, you can follow the website, the editor will output more high-quality practical articles for you!

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