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How to understand the TCP/IP protocol? in view of this problem, this article introduces the corresponding analysis and answer in detail, hoping to help more partners who want to solve this problem to find a more simple and feasible way.

Brief introduction:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) are two independent and closely integrated protocols, which are responsible for managing and guiding the transmission of data packets over Internet. Both use a special header to define the content of each message. TCP is responsible for the connection to the remote host, and IP is responsible for addressing so that the message is sent to where it is supposed to go.

The TCP/IP protocol model is shown in the following figure:

1. Network interface layer

Sometimes referred to as the data link layer or network interface layer, it usually includes the device driver in the operating system and the corresponding network interface card in the computer. Together, they deal with the details of the physical interface with the cable (or any other transmission medium).

two。 Network layer

Sometimes referred to as the Internet layer, it handles the activities of packets in the network, such as packet routing. In the T C P / IP protocol family, the network layer protocols include IP (Internet Protocol), I C M P (I n t e r n e t Internet Control message Protocol), and I G M P (I n t e r n e t Group Management Protocol).

3. Transport layer

Mainly provides end-to-end communication for applications on two hosts. In the TCP/I P protocol family, there are two different transport protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (user Datagram Protocol).

TCP provides highly reliable data communication between the two hosts. The work it does includes dividing the data given to it by the application into appropriate pieces to the network layer below, confirming the received packets, setting the timeout clock to send the final acknowledgement packets, and so on. Because the transport layer provides highly reliable end-to-end communication, the application layer can ignore all these details.

UDP provides a very simple service for the application layer. It simply sends a packet called a Datagram from one host to another, but there is no guarantee that the Datagram will reach the other end. Any required reliability must be provided by the application layer.

4. Application layer

Responsible for handling specific application details

Almost a variety of T C P / I P implementations provide the following common applications:

Telnet remote login.

FTP File transfer Protocol.

SMTP simple Mail transfer Protocol.

SNMP simple Network Management Protocol.

5. Main protocols of each layer

6. The difference between OSI model and TCP/IP model

6.1 similarities

They are all hierarchical structures.

There are comparable transport and network layers

All have application layers, but the services they provide are different.

Both are packet switching networks based on protocol data units.

As a conceptual model and a de facto standard, it is of equal importance.

6.2 differences

The OSI model consists of seven layers, while the TCP/IP model has only four layers. The TCP/IP model includes the presentation layer and the session layer into the application layer. In addition, the TCP/IP model also includes the data link layer and physical layer of OSI into a network interface layer.

The OSI reference model supports both connectionless and connection-oriented services at the network layer, while only connection-oriented services are supported at the transport layer. The TCP/IP model only supports one kind of connectionless service in the network layer, but supports both connection-oriented and connectionless services in the transport layer.

TCP/IP is simpler because it has fewer layers

The answer to the question on how to understand the TCP/IP protocol is shared here. I hope the above content can be of some help to you. If you still have a lot of doubts to solve, you can follow the industry information channel for more related knowledge.

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