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This article is about how to use native urllib2+httplib to request Https, the editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you to learn. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Environment

Python2.7.5

# https server generates certificates

Https://www.cnblogs.com/loleina/p/8418111.html

# HTTPSConnection

Key # key used by https server

Ca_certs # ca used by https server

Cert # the certificate downloaded in the browser can be used by linux after windows download

# https.py

Import urllib2, httplib, ssl, socket

DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT = 10 # seconds

# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577548-https-httplib-client-connection-with-certificate-v/

# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1875052/using-paired-certificates-with-urllib2

Class HTTPSClientAuthHandler (urllib2.HTTPSHandler):

''

Allows sending a client certificate with the HTTPS connection.

This version also validates the peer (server) certificate since, well...

WTF IS THE POINT OF SSL IF YOU DON "T AUTHENTICATE THE PERSON YOU" RE TALKING toddlers!

''

Def _ _ init__ (self, key=None, cert=None, ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None, ciphers=None):

Urllib2.HTTPSHandler.__init__ (self)

Self.key = key

Self.cert = cert

Self.ca_certs = ca_certs

Self.ssl_version = ssl_version

Self.ciphers = ciphers

Def https_open (self, req):

# Rather than pass in a reference to a connection class, we pass in

# a reference to a function which, for all intents and purposes

# will behave as a constructor

Return self.do_open (self.get_connection, req)

Def get_connection (self, host, timeout=DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT):

Return HTTPSConnection (host

Key_file = self.key

Cert_file = self.cert

Timeout = timeout

Ciphers = self.ciphers

Ca_certs = self.ca_certs)

Class HTTPSConnection (httplib.HTTPSConnection):

''

Overridden to allow peer certificate validation, configuration

Of SSL/ TLS version and cipher selection. See:

Http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/c1c45755397b/Lib/httplib.py#l1144

And `ssl.wrap_socket () `

''

Def _ _ init__ (self, host, * * kwargs):

Self.ciphers = kwargs.pop ('ciphers',None)

Self.ca_certs = kwargs.pop ('ca_certs',None)

Self.ssl_version = kwargs.pop ('ssl_version', ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)

Httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__ (self,host,**kwargs)

Def connect (self):

Sock = socket.create_connection ((self.host, self.port), self.timeout)

If self._tunnel_host:

Self.sock = sock

Self._tunnel ()

Self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket (sock

Keyfile = self.key_file

Certfile = self.cert_file

Ca_certs = self.ca_certs

Cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self.ca_certs else ssl.CERT_NONE)

# test.py

Import urllib2

Import urllib

Import https

Import ssl

Import json

Client_cert_key = "etcd-client-key.pem" # file path

Client_cert_pem = "etcd-client.pem" # file path

Ca_certs = "etcd-ca.pem" # file path

Handlers = []

Handlers.append (https.HTTPSClientAuthHandler (

Key = client_cert_key

Cert = client_cert_pem

Ca_certs = ca_certs

Ssl_version = ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23

Ciphers = 'TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA'))

Http = urllib2.build_opener (* handlers)

# request https

# GET

Resp = http.open ('https://xxxx:2379/v2/members')

Data = resp.read ()

# POST

Req = urllib2.Request (url)

Data = urllib.urlencode (data)

Resp = http.open (req, data)

# PUT

Request = urllib2.Request (url, data=json_data)

Request.add_header ('Content-Type',' application/json')

Request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'

Resp = http.open (request)

# DELETE

Request = urllib2.Request (url, data=data)

Request.get_method = lambda: 'DELETE'

Resp = http.open (request)

Resp.close ()

The above is how to use native urllib2+httplib to request Https. The editor believes that there are some knowledge points that we may see or use in our daily work. I hope you can learn more from this article. For more details, please follow the industry information channel.

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