Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

In this issue, the editor will bring you about the historical process of JavaScript in the past 25 years. The article is rich in content and analyzes and narrates it from a professional point of view. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

JavaScript was first introduced to the public 25 years ago (December 4, 1995). It took only 10 days for JavaScript to become one of the most popular programming languages, and millions of developers around the world use it every day. 2020 marks its 25th anniversary-a huge milestone for what has become one of the most popular programming languages.

JavaScript is the preferred language for front-end development, followed by Microsoft's Typescript, which is a superset of JavaScript and has a stronger optional type system for developers to compile into JavaScript when running in a browser.

Both JavaScript and TypeScript are compliant with ECMAScript, the standard for JavaScript and node.js, thanks to Google's powerful V8 engine, which can run applications outside of browsers.

The influence of JavaScript on Web is enormous. Tech giants have embraced JS. In addition to Google's V8, there are also open source projects such as Facebook's React and Google's Angular. And, of course, our Vue of Youyu Creek.

In May 1995, * * Netscape (Netscape) and Sun (Sun Microsystems) launched JavaScript, and then Microsoft launched Visual Basic (VB) in December 1995 as a standard for creating web applications for its Internet Explorer browsers using VB scripts. Oracle acquired Sun in 2008 mainly to get involved in Java and its vast development ecosystem.

The future of JavaScript is not always as certain as it is today.

Cory House, a JavaScript educator at Pluralsight, a developer training site, recalls that it was difficult to determine whether the early JavaScript would be successful. " JavaScript was completed in a few days and was initially used in only one browser. Microsoft's first browser came with their own style of JavaScript called JScript. Today, JavaScript is also used to build desktop applications, mobile device applications, fitness trackers, robots and many embedded systems. It's even part of the James Webb Space Telescope. The telescope uses Nombas's ES1-class embedded JavaScript as part of its onboard control software. "

"We can write code in an object-oriented or functional way. Because JavaScript has a syntax similar to c, people who have used other languages like c are familiar with it. JavaScript keeps it up-to-date by constantly accepting good ideas from other languages.

Jonathan Mills, another author of Pluralsight, points out that JavaScript is no longer limited to browsers. "now, JavaScript has evolved into a huge ecosystem that has an impact on every area of software development," he said. "

Microsoft's TypeScript is becoming more and more popular on GitHub, thanks to the existence of large Javascript-based projects, but it may also be replaced by emerging technologies brought about by Web Assembly.

Since the W3C approved the standard in December 2019, mainstream Web browsers now support WebAssembly or Wasm at a level similar to HTML,CSS and JavaScript.

WebAssembly is a virtual instruction set architecture that supports high-performance applications on web and provides a platform for more AI on web, which can be used for video and audio codecs, graphics, and encrypted computing.

Mills told ZDNet that so far, Web Assembly has potential in the target area.

"when building a JavaScript application, the JavaScript code is sent to the browser as is and compiled and run in the browser at run time," Mills said. WebAssembly simplifies this process by compiling the code before deployment and is expected to significantly improve performance in the process.

"this is very useful when building complex Web applications that are graphical or computationally intensive. At present, however, the main obstacle is that the most outstanding languages associated with WebAssembly are Rust and C. JavaScript took off in part because of its ease of use and rapid development style, which neither C nor Rust has."

To celebrate the 25th anniversary of JavaScript, here are the important milestones that have affected its history:

World wide Web (March 1989)

While working at CERN, Tim Berners-Lee (Tim Berners-Lee) presented his vision for the web in a document called "Information Management: proposals".

Article address: https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/

First website (August 6, 1991)

The first website was launched on August 6, 1991. It is used in the World wide Web project itself and hosted on Tim Berners-Lee 's NeXT computer.

More information: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

Mosaic (June 1993)

NCSA Mosaic, or Mosaic for short, is the first web browser in the history of the Internet that is widely used and capable of displaying pictures. It was published in 1993 by the NCSA organization of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and its development and support was officially terminated on January 7, 1997. At that time, the popularity of the outbreak was very popular. The emergence of Mosaic can be regarded as one of the flames that ignited the late Internet craze.

Later, the development of Netscape Navigator browser hired many original Mosaic browser engineers, but did not use any code of Mosaic web browser. The descendant of inheriting Netscape browser code is Firefox browser.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)

Netscape (Netscape) (September 9, 1994)

mark? Marc Andreessen and Jim? Jim Clark founded what became known as Netscape Communications (Netscape Communications Corporation) and launched their first browser on September 9, 1994. It was originally called Mosaic Netscape, but was later renamed Netscape Navigator to avoid trademark problems with NCSA. The browser's internal code name is Mozilla, which means "Mosaic Killer", and it has quickly become the most popular browser.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator

JavaScript (May 1995)

Mark Anderson (Marc Andreessen) envisions a more dynamic Web and believes that a language is needed that is easy for Web designers to use. He recruited Brendan Eich and wrote a prototype for the Netscape browser in May 1995 within 10 days. The language was originally called Moca, later called LiveScript, and finally renamed to JavaScript (as an auxiliary language of Java). The official release date of JavaScript is December 4, 1995.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript

JScript (August 1996)

Microsoft reverse-engineered Netscape's JavaScript, creating a JScript as part of Internet Explorer 3. Proprietary extensions that do not meet the standards have been introduced, making it difficult for developers to create a website that works in all browsers. In the end, Internet Explorer became the dominant software in the browser war.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars

ECMAscript 1 (June 1997)

Netscape submitted JavaScript to ECMA International to create a standard specification that other browser vendors could then implement, which led to the official release of the language specification ECMAScript in June 1997.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript

Mozilla (23 January 1998)

On January 23, 1998, in the face of a sharp decline in browser market share, Netscape announced that it would release source code for Netscape Communicator 5.0in the hope that it would become a popular open source project. This is how the Mozilla project was born.

More information: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/history/

XMLHttpRequest (March 1999)

Microsoft released the original form of XMLHttpRequest in Internet Explorer 5.0 in March 1999. XMLHttpRequest is an API used to transfer data between Web browsers and Web servers, and it will prove useful in the future.

ECMAscript 3 (December 1999)

This version adds regular expressions, more comprehensive string handling, new control statements, try/catch exception handling, stricter error definitions, digital output formats, and other enhancements. Due to the stagnation of ECMAscript 4, this version has been popular for a decade.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript

JSON (April 2001)

Douglas Crockford specifies JSON (JavaScript object representation), a lightweight data exchange format based on a subset of JavaScript. JSON data is easier to load and use at the front end, and will replace XML as the data exchange format on Web by the end of the century.

More information: https://www.json.org/json-en.html

Firefox (9 November 2004)

Firefox started in 2002 with Dave Hyatt,Joe Hewitt and Blake Ross as experimental branches of the Mozilla project. To combat the software expansion of Mozilla Suite, they created a stand-alone browser, first named Phoenix, later named Firebird, and finally Firefox. Firefox version 1. 0 was released on November 9, 2004. Firefox's speed, usability and marketing have helped it win market share on Internet Explorer. In the five years since its launch, Firefox accounted for nearly 1/3 of all Web views.

More information: https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2004/11/mozilla-foundation-releases-the-highly-anticipated-mozilla-firefox-1-0-web-browser/

AJAX (18 February 2005)

Jesse James Garrett (Jesse James Garrett) coined the term AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript + XML) to describe the asynchronous technology behind emerging Web applications such as GMail and Google Maps, which allows web pages to dynamically change content without reloading.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)

JQuery (August 2006)

JQuery is a JavaScript library designed by John Resig to simplify traversal and manipulation of HTML DOM trees as well as event handling, CSS animation and AJAX. Other JavaScript frameworks / libraries launched during this period include Mootools and Prototype.

More information: https://openjsf.org/

Google Chrome (December 2008)

Google released the Chrome browser on December 11, 2008, which uses the same WebKit rendering engine as Safari and a faster JavaScript engine V8. Soon after, open source versions of the Windows,OS X and Linux platforms were released under the name Chromium. With its rapid release cycle and focus on speed, Google browser eventually replaced all other browsers.

More information: https://www.google.com/chrome/

Node.js (March 2009)

Node.js was originally developed by Ryan Dahl's open source V8 JavaScript engine based on Google in March 2009. It paves the way for using JavaScript on Web servers. The Node.js function is non-blocking, allowing the server to handle a large number of concurrent connections. It represents the "JavaScript everywhere" paradigm, unifying the development of Web applications around a programming language.

More information: https://nodejs.org/en/

Npm (2009)

Npm (originally an abbreviation for Node Package Manager) is the package manager for the JavaScript programming language developed by Isaac Z. Schlueter Npm Registry is a common collection of open source code packages for Node.js, front-end Web applications, mobile applications, and other applications.

More address: https://www.npmjs.com/about

ES5 (3 December 2009)

ECMAScript 5, released in December 2009 more than a decade after ECMAScript 3, is an incremental upgrade of ECMAScript 3. The ambitious ECMAScript 4 was officially abandoned, code-named Harmony, and some features became ECMAScript6. Other features planned for the original ECMAScript 4 will be removed for adoption in subsequent releases. A new determination has been formed to develop any new ideas under the consensus of the entire TC39 to prevent the possibility of division in the future.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript

AngularJS (20 October 2010)

AngularJS was released by Misko Hevery in October 2010 and quickly became the most popular JavaScript MVC framework. It provides two-way data binding, dependency injection, routing packages, and so on. Other JavaScript frameworks / libraries launched during this period include Backbone,Ember and Knockout. The project was inherited by Angular in 2016 and is a complete rewrite of AngularJS led by the Google Angular team.

More information: https://angularjs.org/

TypeScript (12 October 2012)

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static types to the language and was first released in October 2012 after two years of internal development by Microsoft.

React (29 May 2013)

React is a JavaScript library for building composable user interfaces, developed and open source by Jordan Walke in 2013. It is maintained by Facebook and a community of developers and companies.

More information: https://reactjs.org/

Vue.js (25 February 2014)

Vue, created by Evan You, is an open source, a front-end JavaScript framework for model-view-viewmodel for building user interfaces and single-page applications. The first source code for the project was submitted in July 2013 and Vue was first released in February 2014.

Next.js (October 25, 2016)

Next.js is an open source React framework created by Vercel. It can only meet the needs of static and dynamic websites and applications. Next.js 's incremental static regeneration provides users with all the features of a static site generator, and you can add an unlimited number of pages and update them later-without rebuilding the entire site.

More information: https://nextjs.org/

Svelte (26 November 2016)

Svelte is a free and open source front-end JavaScript framework created by Rich Harris.

Svelte is a completely new way to build a user interface. Traditional frameworks such as React and Vue require a lot of work in browsers, while Svelte puts this work in the compilation phase of building the application.

Different from using virtual (virtual) DOM differences. The code written by Svelte updates the DOM as if it were a surgical operation when the state of the application changes.

More information: https://svelte.dev/

WebAssembly (March 2017)

WebAssembly (abbreviated as Wasm) is the binary instruction format for stack-based virtual machines. Wasm is designed as a portable target for compiling high-level languages such as C/C++/Rust so that it can be deployed on Web for both client and server applications. The precursor technology is asm.js from Mozilla and Google Native Client.

More information: https://webassembly.org/

OpenJS Foundation (12 March 2019)

As we all know, Node.js and JavaScript are inextricably linked and have a lot of cooperation, but they belong to different fondation, so it is very inconvenient to do things, so it is necessary to merge the two foundations to improve efficiency. Therefore, on March 13, 2019, the Node.js Foundation and the JS Foundation announced the merger of the OpenJS Foundation.

The main goals of OpenJS Foundation are:

Promote widespread adoption and continuous development of key JavaScript and Web solutions and related technologies

Promote collaboration in the JavaScript development community

Create a focus for open source projects throughout the end-to-end JavaScript ecosystem, guiding them towards a collaborative base of open governance and diversity

Hosting infrastructure to support managed JavaScript open source projects

Build an open and accessible website by promoting projects and strategic partnerships.

More information: https://openjsf.org/

Deno (13 May 2020)

Den o is a JavaScript and TypeScript runtime based on the V8 JavaScript engine and the Rust programming language. It was created by Ryan Dahl, the original author of Node.js. This was announced by him in a speech entitled * * "10 Things I Regret About Node.js" * delivered at the JSConf 2018 EU conference. Deno explicitly assumes the role of runtime and package manager in a single executable file without the need for a separate package manager.

One thing is clear about the future of JavaScript: collaboration is the key. The browser war is over, and neither users nor developers want to revisit the problems caused by the lack of interoperability. Fortunately, open source has prevailed and represents the way forward for the development and governance of the JavaScript language and community.

This is what the editor shares with you about the history of JavaScript over the past 25 years. If you happen to have similar doubts, you might as well refer to the above analysis to understand. If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

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