Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Central processing unit (CPU)

CPU includes operation logic unit, register unit, control unit and so on.

Logical unit (arithmetic unit)

English Logiccomponents; operational logic unit. You can perform fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations, as well as address operations and translations.

Register

The register unit includes a register, a special register and a control register. General registers can be divided into fixed point numbers and floating point numbers, which are used to store temporarily stored register operands and intermediate (or final) operation results during instruction execution. General register is one of the important components of CPU.

Control unit

The control unit is mainly responsible for decoding the instructions and sending out control signals for each operation to be performed in order to complete each instruction.

There are two kinds of structures: one is the microprogram control mode with microstorage as the core, and the other is the control mode based on logic hard wiring structure.

Microcode is maintained in microstorage, and each microcode corresponds to a most basic microoperation, also known as microinstruction; each instruction is composed of microcodes of different sequences, which constitute microprograms. After decoding the instructions, the CPU sends out control signals of a certain time sequence, and executes several microoperations determined by these microcodes in the order of a given sequence with microcycles as beats, which can complete the execution of an instruction.

Simple instructions are composed of (3-5) microoperations, while complex instructions are composed of dozens or even hundreds of microoperations.

PS: reference Baidu Library, CPU

Memory

Memory is one of the most important components in the computer, and it is the bridge to communicate with CPU. All programs in the computer run in memory, so the performance of memory has a great impact on the computer. Memory (Memory), also known as internal memory, is used to temporarily store operational data in CPU and data exchanged with external memory such as hard disk. As long as the computer is running, CPU will transfer the data needed for operation to memory for operation, and when the operation is completed, CPU will transmit the results. The operation of memory also determines the stable operation of the computer. The memory is composed of memory chip, circuit board, gold finger and so on.

PS: reference Baidu Library: memory

North Bridge (computer motherboard North Bridge chip)

North Bridge is a chip on the computer motherboard, which is located next to the CPU socket and plays a connecting role.

The data processing capacity of the Beiqiao chip is very large, and the heat generation is increasing, so the Beiqiao chip is covered with a heat sink to enhance the heat dissipation of the Beiqiao chip, and some motherboard Northbridge chips also cooperate with the fan to dissipate heat. Because the main function of Northbridge chip is to control memory, and memory standards change as frequently as processors, Northbridge chips are definitely different in different chipsets, of course, this does not mean that the memory technology used is completely different, but there must be differences between different chipsets and Northbridge chips.

PS: reference Baidu Library, Beiqiao

South Bridge

South Bridge Chip (South Bridge) is an important part of the motherboard chipset, which is generally located far below the CPU slot and near the PCI slot on the motherboard. This layout takes into account the fact that it is connected to a large number of I-amp O buses, and a little farther away from the processor is conducive to wiring. Compared with the North Bridge chip, its data processing capacity is not large, so the South Bridge chip generally does not cover the heat sink. The south bridge chip is not directly connected to the processor, but is connected to the north bridge chip in a certain way.

PS: reference Baidu Library, Nanqiao

ICompo (computer interface)

Input/output O is the abbreviation of I / O, that is, I / O port. Each device has a dedicated Imap O address, which is used to process its own input and output information. The connection and data exchange between CPU and external devices, memory and data need to be realized through interface devices, the former is called Icano interface, and the latter is called memory interface. The memory usually works under the synchronous control of CPU, and the interface circuit is relatively simple, but there are many kinds of Icano devices, and the corresponding interface circuits are also different. therefore, it is customary to refer to the interface only refers to the Icano interface.

PS: refer to Baidu Library, IPUBO

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