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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what are the basic concepts and technologies of Web development". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

A-AJAX

AJAX, whose full name is "AsynchronousJavaScriptand XML" (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), is a web development technology for creating interactive web applications.

Use XHTML+CSS to represent information

Use JavaScript to operate DOM (Document Object Model) for dynamic display and interaction

Use XML and XSLT for data exchange and related operations

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Use XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data with Web server asynchronously

Use JavaScript to tie everything together.

Similar to DHTML or LAMP,AJAX does not refer to a single technology, but the organic use of a series of related technologies. In fact, some AJAX-based derivative/composite technologies are emerging, such as AFLAX.

B-Browser

A web browser is software that displays files in a web server or file system and allows users to interact with these files. It is used to display text, images and other information in the World wide Web or local area network. These words or images can be hyperlinks to other web sites, and users can browse all kinds of information quickly and easily. Most web pages are in HTML format, and some pages require specific browsers to display correctly. The most common web browsers on personal computers in January 2010 were Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla's Firefox, Google's Google Chrome, Apple's Safari and Opera Software's Opera. Browsers are the most frequently used client programs. Web developers should ensure that their programs work properly in all major browsers.

C-CSS

Cascading style sheets, also known as string style lists, English: Cascading Style Sheets, abbreviated to CSS, a standard defined and maintained by W3C, a computer language used to add styles (fonts, spacing, colors, etc.) to structured documents such as HTML documents or XML applications. The latest version is CSS2.1, which is a candidate recommendation of the W3C. The next version of CSS 3 is still under development.

D-DOM

Document object Model (Document Object Model, referred to as DOM) is a standard programming interface recommended by W3C to deal with extensible markup language. The history of Document Object Model can be traced back to the "browser war" (browser wars) between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1990s, when both sides endowed browsers with powerful functions on a large scale in order to fight JavaScript and JScript. Microsoft has added a lot of exclusive things to web technology, including VBScript, ActiveX, and Microsoft's own DHTML format, so that many web pages can not be displayed normally on non-Microsoft platforms and browsers. DOM is a masterpiece brewed at that time.

E-Events

Events are actions that can be recognized by the control, such as pressing the OK button, selecting a radio button or a check box. Each control has its own recognizable events, such as the loading, clicking, double-clicking of the form, the text change of the edit box (text box), and so on. Modern Web applications rely largely on event-driven.

Events include system events and user events. System events are triggered by the system, such as every 24 hours, the deposit date of the bank depositor is increased by one day. User events are fired by the user, such as the user clicking a button to display specific text in the text box. An event-driven control performs a function. The object that triggers the event is called the event sender; the object that receives the event is called the event receiver.

It can be achieved by using the event mechanism: when a state of a class object changes, the system will call the method in the class to handle the event or the object that triggers the control event, and all registered event handlers of the control will be called.

F-Firebug

Firebug is an extension of the web browser Mozilla Firefox and is a debugging tool. Users can use it to debug, edit, or even delete the CSS, HTML, DOM, and JavaScript code of any website. Firebug also provides other web development tools, such as Yahoo! The web page speed optimization recommendation tool YSlow. Firebug was written by Joe Hewitt. He was one of the original founders of Firefox.

G-Grid

Grid, also known as grid, but by definition, grid is more accurate. On the Internet, find a more appropriate definition of the web grid system: use a regular grid array to guide and standardize the layout and information distribution in the web page. The web grid system is developed from the plane grid system. For web page design, the use of grid system can not only make the information of the web page more beautiful and easy to read, but also more available. Moreover, for front-end development, web pages will be more flexible and standardized. If there are many CSS frameworks that support grid functionality, you can refer to the article "introduction to 27 classic CSS frameworks".

H-HTML

Hypertext markup language (English: HyperText Markup Language,HTML) is a markup language designed for web page creation and other information that can be seen in web browsers. HTML is used to structure information-- such as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on. It can also be used to describe the appearance and semantics of a document to some extent. HTML, originally defined by Tim Berners-Lee and further developed by IETF with simplified SGML (Standard Universal markup language) syntax, later became an international standard maintained by the World wide Web Consortium (W3C).

The latest version is HTML5, which is the next major revision of HTML and is still in development. The goal is to replace the HTML4.01 and XHTML1.0 standards laid down in 1999, with a view to making the network standards meet the contemporary network needs when Internet applications are developing rapidly. When it comes to HTML5 in a broad sense, it actually refers to a combination of technologies, including HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

I-IE

Windows Internet Explorer (formerly known as Microsoft Internet Explorer, referred to as Internet Explorer, abbreviated as IE) is a web browser launched by Microsoft. As of September 2010, statistics show that Internet Explorer's market share is as high as 59.65%. Although it is still the most widely used web browser, its market share is more than 30% lower than it was at its peak in 2003.

Internet Explorer supports some standardized technologies to a certain extent, but there are also many operational gaps and compatibility failures, which lead to increasing criticism from technology developers. The increase in criticism is largely due to the fact that Internet Explorer's competitors have provided relatively full technical support and that standard specifications (Standards-compliant) are becoming more and more widely used. Because Internet Explorer is widely used around the world, web developers often find vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer, proprietary feature sets and imperfect support for standards when looking for cross-platform code.

The Internet Explorer 9 browser released on March 14, 2011 has greatly increased its support for W3C specifications such as CSS3 and HTML5. This version is also the first version of Internet Explorer browser to adopt GPU acceleration, and the official version scored 95,100 points in the Acid3 test, a great improvement over previous versions. It can be assumed that starting with Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer browsers' support for the W3C specification will no longer be a problem.

J-JavaScript

JavaScript is a scripting language widely used in client-side Web development, which is often used to add dynamic functions to HTML pages, such as responding to various actions of users. Originally designed by Netscape's Brendan Eich, it is a dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based language with built-in support for classes. JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Corporation. Ecma International has formulated the ECMAScript standard based on JavaScript. JavaScript can also be used in other situations, such as server-side programming. The complete JavaScript implementation consists of three parts: ECMAScript, document object model, and byte order tokens.

Netscape initially named its scripting language LiveScript and Netscape renamed it JavaScript after working with Sun. JavaScript was originally inspired by Java, and one of its purposes is to "look like Java", so there are grammatical similarities, and some names and naming conventions are borrowed from Java. But the main design principles of JavaScript originated from the similarity between Self and Scheme.JavaScript and Java, which was the result of Netscape's agreement with Sun for marketing reasons. In order to gain technical advantage, Microsoft launched JScript to compete with JavaScript's scripting language. For interoperability, Ecma International (formerly known as the European Association of computer Manufacturers) created the ECMA-262 standard (ECMAScript). Both are now part of the ECMAScript implementation. Although JavaScript is promoted and promoted as a scripting language for non-programmers, rather than as a programming language for programmers, JavaScript has very rich features.

K-Keyword Optimization

Keyword optimization, also known as search engine optimization (Search Engine Optimization, referred to as SEO), is a way to improve the ranking of the target site in the relevant search engines by using the search rules of the search engine. As many studies have found that search engine users often only pay attention to the first few items of search results, so many websites hope to influence the ranking of search engines through various forms. Among them, there are all kinds of websites that rely on advertising for a living.

The so-called "search engine optimization processing" refers to to make the site easier to be accepted by search engines. The search engine compares the content of the site to each other with relevant data, and then the browser reflects the content to the searcher in the fastest and most complete way.

Search engine optimization for any website, if you want to succeed in website promotion, search engine optimization is a key task. At the same time, as search engines continue to change the rules of their ranking algorithm, every change in algorithm will make some well-ranked websites fail overnight, and the direct consequence of losing ranking is the loss of considerable visits inherent in the site. So every time the search engine algorithm changes in the site will cause a lot of uproar and anxiety. It can be said that search engine optimization is a more and more complex task.

L-Less

Less was originally a gem of ruby, giving CSS the features of a dynamic language, including variables, operators, and nested rules. In fact, the real role of Less is to convert CSS that uses advanced features into standard CSS. This is done through Http Handler when the Web client initiates a request. It can also be done at the time of editing. In addition, Less can be configured to automatically minimize the generated CSS files, saving bandwidth and taking the end-user experience to the next level. There is also a .net version of Less.

M-MVC

MVC pattern (Model-View-Controller) is a software architecture pattern in software engineering, which divides the software system into three basic parts: Model, View and Controller. MVC model, which was first proposed by Trygve Reenskaug in 1974, is a software design pattern invented by Xerox Paro Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC) for the program language Smalltalk in the 1980s. The purpose of MVC mode is to realize a dynamic programming, simplify the subsequent modification and expansion of the program, and make it possible to reuse a certain part of the program. In addition, this mode makes the program structure more intuitive by simplifying the complexity. The software system not only separates the basic parts of itself, but also gives each basic part its due function.

N-Node.JS

Node is a Javascript runtime environment (runtime), which actually encapsulates the GoogleV8 engine (applied to Google Chrome browsers). The V8 engine executes Javascript very fast and the performance is very good. Node optimizes some special use cases to provide an alternative API to make V8 run better in a non-browser environment. For example, in a server environment, dealing with binary data is usually necessary, but Javascript does not support it enough, so V8.Node adds the Buffer class to handle binary data conveniently and efficiently. Therefore, Node not only uses V8 simply, but also optimizes it to make it more powerful in all environments. Node.js is all-inclusive, but the most important thing is that it provides a way to run Javascript outside of Web browsers. Javascript is widely used in the front-end development of websites. Node enables this popular programming language to run in more environments, even on the server side of the website.

O-Object

Object is a term in object-oriented (Object Oriented), which not only refers to something specific in the objective world problem space (Namespace), but also to the basic elements in the solution space of the software system. In software systems, objects have unique identifiers, including Properties and Methods. Attributes are the information that needs to be memorized, and methods are the services that objects can provide. In Object Oriented-oriented software, an Object is an instance (Instance) of a class (Class).

P-PHP

PHP (HypertextPreprocessor) is a scripting language that runs on a computer and is mainly used to deal with dynamic web pages, including a command line interface (command line interface), or to generate graphical user interface (GUI) programs. PHP was first invented by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, and now the PHP standard is maintained by PHP Group and the open source community. PHP uses PHP License as its license agreement, but because this agreement restricts the use of PHP names, it is not compatible with the open source license agreement GPL.

PHP has a wide range of applications, especially in the development of web programs. Generally speaking, most of the PHP runs on the web server, and the web pages browsed by users are generated by running PHP code. PHP can run on most servers and operating systems, and using PHP is completely free. According to statistics from April 2007, PHP has been installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million servers.

Q-Query

Inquiry, there are many kinds of meaning. For example, query languages are used to interact with extended systems that store data. A good example is that SQL is used to manipulate relational databases. Another meaning is that a query string, which is used to pass data in Web applications as part of URL, is usually in the form of key-value pairs.

R-Regular Expressions

Regular expressions (English: Regular Expression, regex or regexp, abbreviated as RE) are also translated into regular or conventional representations. In computer science, it refers to a single string used to describe or match a series of strings that conform to certain syntactic rules. In many text editors or other tools, regular expressions are often used to retrieve and / or replace text content that matches a pattern. Many programming languages support string manipulation using regular expressions. For example, a powerful regular expression engine is built into Perl. The concept of regular expressions was first popularized by tools in Unix, such as sed and grep.

S-Source Control

Source code control, also known as version control, is a software engineering technique that ensures that files of the same program edited by different people are synchronized during software development. Software designers often use version control to track and maintain changes to source code, files, profiles, and so on, and provide programs to control these changes. In the simplest case, software designers can keep many different versions of a program and number them appropriately. This simple approach has been used in many large software projects. This is a way to achieve the goal, but it is not efficient enough. In addition to maintaining many almost the same code backups at the same time, and relying heavily on the self-cultivation and development discipline of software designers, which is often the cause of errors.

Sometimes, it is necessary for a program to have more than two versions at the same time, for example, in a version for deployment, bugs have been fixed, but no new features have been added; in another development version, there are new features under development and new bugs to be resolved, which requires different versions and modifications at the same time. In addition, in order to find program errors that exist only in a particular version, or to find the version in which the program error occurred, software debuggers must also find out the location of the problem by comparing different versions of the code.

T-TDD

Test-driven development (Test-driven development) is one of the modern computer software development methods. Use testing to drive the design and implementation of software programs. Test-driven became popular in the 1990s. Test-driven development is a program development method advocated in extreme programming. The main method is to write the test program first, and then code it to pass the test. The purpose of test-driven development is to get quick feedback and use the "illustrate the main line" approach to build programs.

The metaphor of test-driven development. Development can be viewed from two aspects: the function and quality of implementation. Test-driven development is more like the two-hat thinking way of development, first put on the functional hat, with the assistance of testing, quickly achieve the correct function; then put on the refactoring hat, under the protection of testing, by removing redundant and repetitive code, improve code reusability and achieve quality improvement. It can be seen that testing does belong to the core position in test-driven development, throughout the development.

U-Unit Testing

Unit testing (also known as module testing) is a testing work that verifies the correctness of program modules (the smallest unit of software design). A program unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming, a unit is a single program, function, process, etc.; for object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method, including methods in a base class (superclass), an abstract class, or a derived class (subclass).

Generally speaking, programmers will conduct at least one unit test every time they modify the program, and there are likely to be multiple unit tests before and after writing the program to verify that the program meets the goals required by the software specification (en:Specification) and is bug-free; although unit testing is not necessary, it is not bad, which involves project management policy decisions.

V-VIM

Vim is a text editor developed from vi. The convenient programming functions such as code completion, compilation and error jump are particularly rich and are widely used by programmers. Juxtaposed with Emacs as the favorite editor for users of Unix-like systems. The first version of Vim was released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991. Originally abbreviated as ViIMitation, with the increasing number of features, the official name was changed to ViIMproved. Now it is free software released in open source mode.

W-WordPress

WordPress is a blogging platform developed in PHP language. Users can set up their own blogs on servers that support PHP and MySQL databases. You can also use WordPress as a content management system (CMS). WordPress is a free open source project licensed under the GNU General Public license. The latest version is the 3.0.5 official simplified Chinese version, which was released on February 24, 2011, and is available in multiple languages, including English.

X-XSS

Cross-site script (Cross-site scripting, usually referred to as XSS) is a security vulnerability attack of a website application that allows a malicious user to inject code into a web page, and other users will be affected when viewing the web page. Such attacks usually include HTML as well as client-side scripting languages.

Y-YUI

Yahoo! UI Library (YUI) is an open source JavaScript function library. In order to build a highly interactive web page, it uses code techniques such as AJAX,DHTML and DOM. It also contains a lot of CSS resources.

Z-Z index

Z-Index is the CSS attribute that sets the stacking order of elements. Elements with a higher stacking order are always in front of elements with a lower stacking order. This property sets the position of a positioning element along the z-axis, which is defined as the axis that extends vertically to the display area. If it is positive, it is closer to the user, and a negative number means farther away from the user.

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