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This article will explain in detail how to use the ls command in Linux. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you as a reference. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Ls command for Linux

1. List files without any options

The ls command without options lists files and directories without options, and we can't see specific information such as file type, size, date and time of modification, permissions, and links.

# ls 0001.pcap Desktop Downloads index.html install.log.syslog Pictures Templates anaconda-ks.cfg Documents fbcmd_update.php install.log Music Public Videos

2 list files with the-l option

You see, ls-l (- l is the letter not "1") can show whether it is a file or a directory, its size, the date and time it was modified, the name of the file or directory, and the owner of the file and its permissions.

# ls-l total 176-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap-rw-. 1 root root 1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

3. Browse for hidden files

List all files, including'.' The hidden file at the beginning.

# ls-a. .bashrc Documents .gconfd install.log .nautilus. Pulse-cookie.. .cache Downloads .gnome2 install.log.syslog .netstat.swp. Recently-used.xbel 0001.pcap .config .elinks .gnome2 _ private .kde .opera. Spice-vdagent anaconda-ks.cfg .cshrc .esd _ auth. Gtk-bookmarks .libre office Pictures .tcshrc .bash _ history .dbus .fbcmd .gvfs .local .pki Templates .bash _ logout Desktop fbcmd_update.php .ICEauthority .mozilla Public Videos .bash _ profile .digrc .gconf index.html Music. Pulse .wireshark

4. Use the-lh option to list files in a readable manner

Use the-lh combination option to display the size in an easy-to-read way.

# ls-lh total 176K-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap-rw-. 1 root root 1.6K Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4.0K Aug 16 02:55 Downloads-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21K Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46K Jul 31 09:58 index.html-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48K Jul 31 02:17 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12K Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Videos

5. List files and directories at the end of the'/ 'character

Using the-F option of the ls command, a "/" character is added to the end of each directory.

# ls-F 0001.pcap Desktop/ Downloads/ index.html install.log.syslog Pictures/ Templates/ anaconda-ks.cfg Documents/ fbcmd_update.php install.log Music/ Public/ Videos/

6. Inverted sequence out of files

The ls-r option displays files and directories in reverse order.

# ls-r Videos Public Music install.log fbcmd_update.php Documents anaconda-ks.cfg Templates Pictures install.log.syslog index.html Downloads Desktop 0001.pcap

7. Recursively list subdirectories

The ls-R option lists very long directory trees, so take a look at the sample output:

# ls-R total 1384-rw-. 1 root root 33408 Aug 8 17:25 anaconda.log-rw-. 1 root root 30508 Aug 8 17:25 anaconda.program.log. / httpd: total 30508-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 19 03:14 access_log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61916 Aug 10 17:55 access_log-20120812. / lighttpd: total 68-rw-r--r-- 1 lighttpd lighttpd 7858 Aug 21 15:26 access.log-rw-r--r--. 1 lighttpd lighttpd 37531 Aug 17 18:21 access.log-20120819. / nginx: total 12-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 12 03:17 access.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 390 Aug 12 03:17 access.log-20120812.gz

8. List in reverse order of modification time

The-ltr combination option displays files or directories in the order of their modification time.

# ls-ltr total 176-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log-rw-. 1 root root 1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

9. Sort by file size

The belt-lS combination option can be displayed in the order of files from large to small.

# ls-lS total 176-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos-rw-. 1 root root 1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

10. Displays the index node number of a file or directory

We can sometimes see some numbers printed before the file or directory name, and the index node number of the file or directory can be listed with the-I option.

# ls-I 20112 0001.pcap 23610 Documents 23793 index.html 23611 Music 23597 Templates 23564 anaconda-ks.cfg 23595 Downloads 22 install.log 23612 Pictures 23613 Videos 23594 Desktop 23585 fbcmd_update.php 35 install.log.syslog 23601 Public

11. Displays the version of the ls command

View the version of the ls command.

# ls-- version ls (GNU coreutils) 8.4 Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

twelve。 Display the help page

Lists the options help page for the ls command.

# ls-- help Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

13. List catalog information

Use the ls-l command to list the files in the / tmp directory, where the-ld parameter can display only the information of the / tmp directory.

# ls-l / tmp total 408 drwx-. 2 narad narad 4096 Aug 2 02:00 CRX_75DAF8CB7768-r muri. 1 root root 384683 Aug 4 12:28 htop-1.0.1.tar.gz drwx-. 2 root root 4096 Aug 4 11:20 keyring-6Mfjnk drwx-. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 01:33 keyring-pioZJr drwx-. 2 gdm gdm 4096 Aug 21 11:26 orbit-gdm drwx-. 2 root root 4096 Aug 19 08:41 pulse-gl6o4ZdxQVrX drwx-. 2 narad narad 4096 Aug 4 08:16 pulse-UDH76ExwUVoU drwx-. 2 gdm gdm 4096 Aug 21 11:26 pulse-wJtcweUCtvhn-rw-. 1 root root 300 Aug 16 03:34 yum_save_tx-2012-08-16-03-34LJTAa1.yumtx # ls-ld / tmp/ drwxrwxrwt. 13 root root 4096 Aug 21 12:48 / tmp/ 14. Display the UID and GID of the file

Use the ls-n command to display the UID (userid, user ID) and GID (groupid, group ID) of files and directories.

# ls-n total 36 drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug 2 01:52 Downloads drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug 2 01:52 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 4096 Aug 2 01:52 Pictures-rw-rw-r--. 1 500 500 12 Aug 21 13:06 tmp.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug 2 01:52 Videos

15. The ls command and its alias

After we set the following alias to the ls command, it defaults to the-l option when we execute the ls command and displays a long list as mentioned above.

# alias ls= "ls-l"

Note: we can see all the alias settings currently available on the system through the alias command with no arguments, but they can also be cancelled by unalias.

# alias alias cp='cp-i' alias l.='ls-d. *-- color=auto' alias ll='ls-l-- color=auto' alias ls='ls-- color=auto' alias mv='mv-i' alias rm='rm-i' alias which='alias | / usr/bin/which-- tty-only-- read-alias-- show-dot-- show-tilde'

To delete a previously defined alias setting, simply use the unalias command.

# unalias ls

This is the end of the article on "how to use ls commands in Linux". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, please share it for more people to see.

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