Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Xiao Q: recently, due to the change of work, I have been exposed to a lot of things I have not touched. I have been learning and familiar with the business. The most rewarding thing during this period is that I have been exposed to a database other than mysql. First of all, record the installation of oracle.

Suggestion: friends who install for the first time, don't follow my advice. After uploading the installation package, extract and execute. / runInstaller, and deal with the problem according to the error report. This will lead to a deeper understanding of oracle.

The difference between oracle and mysql

1. Oracle is a large database, while mysql is a small and medium-sized database. Oracle has 40% of the market and 20% of MySQL.

2. Oracle is not open source and is available after sale for a fee, while mysql is open source free. However, after being acquired by oracle, I do not know the future trend.

3. Oracle supports high concurrency, high traffic, and full transaction processing, while mysql supports row-level locking of the innodb engine.

4. Oracle is determined by the user, and mysql is determined by the database

5. Oracle logical backup does not lock the table, mysql needs to lock the table, and the consistency is not as good as oracle

6. Oracle needs to be submitted manually for execution, and mysql automatically commits by default.

7. Oracle installation needs about 3G space, while mysql only needs more than 150m.

8. Oracle has many tripartite management tools, but few mysql.

Install the oracle service

1. Check and install the necessary software packages

Rpm-Q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

Yum-y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel make sysstat ld-linux.so.2 unixODBC unixODBC-devel

Yum install libXp libXp.i686 / / otherwise it will be reported to java Exception

Wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

Wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/opensuse/distribution/13.1/repo/oss/suse/i586/pdksh-5.2.14-948.1.2.i586.rpm 32-bit

Rpm-ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm-force-nodeps

2. Check whether swap has 16G.

Grep SwapTotal / proc/meminfo / / if less than 16g, execute the following

Dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/swap bs=1G count=9

Mkswap / data/swap & & swapon / data/swap

Vim / etc/fstab (add)

/ data/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

Mount-a

3. Add users and groups

Groupadd oinstall

Groupadd dba

Useradd-g oinstall-G dba oracle

Passwd oracle (oracleadmin)

4. Configure kernel parameters

Vim / etc/sysctl.conf

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

Fs.file-max = 6815744

Kernel.shmall = 2097152

Kernel.shmmax = 536870912

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Net.core.rmem_default = 262144

Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144

Net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

Kernel.shmall = 2097152

/ / represents the total amount of shared memory (in pages) that the system can use at a time. The default value is 2097152, which usually does not need to be modified

Kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

/ / the maximum size of the shared memory segment (bytes). The default is 32m, which is too low for oracle and is usually set to 2G

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

/ / used to set the maximum number of system-wide shared memory segments. The default value for this parameter is 4096. There is usually no need to change

Kernel.sem = 250100128 / / indicates the set semaphore

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

Net.core.rmem_default=4194304 / / default receive window size

The maximum size of the net.core.rmem_max=4194304 / / receive window

Net.core.wmem_default=262144 / / default send window size

Net.core.wmem_max=262144

Sysctl-p / / make it effective immediately

5. Modify user restrictions

Vim / etc/security/limits.conf

Oracle soft nproc 2047

Oracle hard nproc 16384

Oracle soft nofile 1024

Oracle hard nofile 65536

6. Modify user authentication options

Vim / etc/pam.d/login

Session required / lib64/security/pam_limits.so

Session required pam_limits.so

7. Modify user profile

Vim / etc/profile

If [$USER = "oracle"]; then

If [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"]; then

Ulimit-p 16384

Ulimit-n 65536

Else

Ulimit-u 16384-n 65536

Fi

Fi

8. Modify the user

Vim / home/oracle/.bash_profile

Export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle # oracle database installation directory

Export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product # oracle database path

Export ORACLE_SID=orcl # oracle # Startup database instance name

Export ORACLE_TERM=xterm # xterm window mode installation

Export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH # add system environment variables

Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib # add system environment variables

Export LANG=C # to prevent garbled code during installation

Export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

# set the Oracle client character set, which must be consistent with the character set set during Oracle installation

Mkdir-p / usr/local/oracle/product

Chown-R oracle:oinstall / usr/local/oracle/

Source / home/oracle/.bash_profile

Note: the cloud machine cannot switch to the graphical interface with ctrl+alt+f7 by default, and there is no gnom desktop, so to identify > 256color, do the following

Yum groupinstall "X Window System"

# # yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" / / I have tried, but you can try if you don't need to install the comments.

Yum install xdpyinfo xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-14.el7 # tigervnc-server / / does not apply vnc may not install services

# # (root) vncserver & & password = vncserveradmin & & export DISPLAY=localhost:1

# # xhost + / / enable all IP to intervene

9. Oracle user logs in and tests whether the environment variable is successful

Su-oracle

Env | grep ORA / / check whether the setting of the environment variable is valid

10. Download oracle and install

Linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

Linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Unpack these two installation packages, and you will find a database directory and enter it.

Execute:. / runInstaller

11. When running in xhell, the system is equipped with a xmanege program, which can be forwarded by configuring the following x11 (choose one of two 11 steps)

The system will automatically recognize and pop up the graphical installation interface for a series of installations (but the safest thing is to start the user terminal through xbrowser in xmanager, so only x11 needs to be installed), as follows.

11. The advantage of vnc is many times faster than that of xmanege. To install it in vnc mode, we need to log in to the terminal with oracle user and open vncserver.

Su-oracle

Open: vncserver: 3 [vncserveradmin] / / Open the X named after 3

Close: vncserver-kill: 3

Download vnc viewer https://www.realvnc.com/download/file/viewer.files/VNC-Viewer-6.0.2-Windows-32bit.exe

Create a new link-- > ip: session number-> vnc password-- > login password, log in to the database directory, and execute. / runInstaller

12. The following installation method is the same for xmanege and vnc. Keep going.

13. Remove the check box, do not bother to fill in, personal use environment does not need to automatically receive Oracle security updates.

14. The next step is to install only the database software, and you don't want those things for personal use.

15. Select singleton installation, all previous configurations are singleton installation.

16. Add languages

17. Default installation version Enterprise Edition-Enterprise Edition

18. Determine the installation path of the data software and automatically read the values configured in the previous / home/oracle/.bash_profile.

Do not know what the role is, the default, sometimes vnc error box is very small, simply do not know what the error is, so I still use xmanege, although very slow, but the error message is all. As follows

19. Theoretically, if you want to create a Database Operation (OSOPER) Group:oper for personal use, if you don't bother to build it, use the dba user group.

20, installation inspection, follow the prompts to solve one by one. Some systems report errors because the version of the existing package is higher than the detection, and finally ignore it. (click Check_Again to check a few more times)

21. When you are ready, the installation of fuck "Finish" begins.

Do not think that this is done, many online tutorials have been completed, and the errors in the installation process have been solved, but when you enter sysdba to start the database, you will

In this way, it took me several days to reinstall and solve the unnecessary error, similar to sem setting oracle did not recognize this kind of error.

Unlike the mysql service that can log in directly after installation, oracle needs to configure the database separately so that sysdba has a library to log in.

In addition, in order to allow the client to log in, we also need to set the listening service port 1521, which is enabled by default after installation.

Configure monitoring services and databases

1. Execute netmgr (configure the listening service configuration you created, and listen to the database instance you created)

The command netca (mainly used to configure listening and configure the NET service name for remote connection to the database. )

Execute dbca (create database, configure existing library options, delete database, manage template = configretion assistant)

2. Set the existing sid, which is written earlier by default. Of course, you can define it by yourself, but you have to manually change the env after customization.

3. You can set a password for each one, or you can let them share a password, and then sys and system can change it.

4. The location where the database files are installed, preferably under $ORACLE_BASE

5. Select the directory for backup and quick recovery

6. Chown oracle.oinstall / etc/oratab / / Click ok again

7. Testing

Sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL > create table z_test (id number,name varchar (20))

SQL > insert into z_test select 1 from dual

SQL > select * from z_test

Additional tests:

Lsnrctl stop / / stop listener

Lsnrctl start / / start the listener

Sqlplus / nolog / / login without password

SQL > connect / as sysdba; / / Select oracle database

SQL > shutdown immediate / / stop the database instance immediately

SQL > startup / / start the database instance

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