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Oracle database

Oracle Database, also known as Oracle RDBMS, or Oracle for short. It is a relational database management system of Oracle. It is a leading product in the field of database. It can be said that Oracle database system is a popular relational database management system in the world at present. The system has good portability, easy to use and strong function, and is suitable for all kinds of large, medium, small and microcomputer environments. It is a database solution with high efficiency and good reliability, which adapts to high throughput.

Introduction to the system

ORACLE database system is a group of software products with distributed database as the core provided by ORACLE (Oracle). It is one of the most popular client / server (CLIENT/SERVER) or Bhand S architecture databases. For example, SilverStream is a kind of middleware based on database. ORACLE database is the most widely used database management system in the world, as a general database system, it has complete data management function; as a relational database, it is a complete relational product; as a distributed database, it realizes the distributed processing function. But with all its knowledge, as long as you learn ORACLE knowledge on one model, you can use it on all types of machines.

The latest version of the Oracle database is Oracle Database 12c. Oracle Database 12c introduces a new multi-tenant architecture that makes it easy to deploy and manage database clouds. In addition, some innovative features maximize resource utilization and flexibility, such as Oracle Multitenant can quickly consolidate multiple databases, while Automatic Data Optimization and Heat Map can compress and layer data at higher density. These unique technological advances, coupled with major enhancements in availability, security, and big data support, make Oracle Database 12c an ideal platform for private and public cloud deployments.

12C: supports database hot plug and can be docked with other types of databases

Download of Oracle database 12c

Go to the oracle official website, register a user of an enterprise, and download Oracle12C:

Http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

Characteristics

1. Complete data management functions:

1) the large amount of data

2) persistence of data preservation

3) data sharing

4) Reliability of data

2. Products with complete relationships:

1) Information criteria-all information in a relational DBMS should be logically expressed in a way that the values in the table are explicitly represented

2) guidelines for guaranteed access

3) View update criteria-as long as the data in the table that forms the view changes, the data in the corresponding view changes at the same time

4) the independent criterion of data physics and logic.

3. Distributed processing function:

ORACLE database has provided distributed processing capabilities since version 5, and has relatively perfect distributed database functions by version 7. An ORACLE distributed database is composed of oraclerdbms, sqlNet, SQLCONNECT and other non-ORACLE relational products.

4. The operation of data warehouse can be easily realized with ORACLE.

Advantages

■ is highly available

■ is scalable.

■ data has strong security.

■ has strong stability.

Experimental environment preparation

Oracle has powerful functions, so it has high requirements for hardware. The hardware requirements for Oracle 12c installation are as follows:

Memory is above 4 gigabytes

The hard disk used by Oracle alone is more than 40G.

The swap partition of the system is 8G

Linux requires a desktop version

This experiment is in the VMware Workstation virtual machine environment, and the host operating system is CentOS7.

Install Oracle 12c

1. Disable firewall and selinux function

Systemctl stop firewalld.service

Systemctl disable firewalld.service

Setenforce 0

2, modify the hostname

[root@localhost ~] # hostnamectl set-hostname oracle

[root@localhost ~] # bash

[root@oracle ~] # vim / etc/hosts

192.168.195.148 oracle

3. Modify linux kernel parameters

Vim / etc/sysctl.conf

Modify or add the following

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# the recommended value for the number of asynchronous IO requests is 1048576. In fact, it equals 1024,1024, that is, 1024.

Fs.file-max = 6815744

# the maximum number of open file handles to prevent file descriptors from running out

Kernel.shmall = 386530

# Total shared memory in pages, which is obtained by dividing the memory by 4k

Kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

# SEMMSL: maximum number of signals per signal set SEMMNS: maximum number of signals used to control the entire Linux system SEMOPM: kernel parameters are used to control the number of signal operations that can be performed per semop system call SEMMNI: kernel parameters are used to control the maximum number of signals in the entire Linux system

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

# Port range for outbound connections

Net.core.rmem_default = 262144

# default value of socket receive buffer size

Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

# maximum size of socket receive buffer

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144

# default value of socket send buffer size

Net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# maximum size of socket send buffer

Then use the command: sysctl-p to make it effective immediately

4Dept yum installation environment dependency package

Yum install binutils compat-libcapl compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel-y

5, create oracle users and groups

Groupadd oinstall

Groupadd dba

Useradd-g oinstall-G dba oracle

Echo 123456 | passwd-- stdin oracle

6, create the Oracle installation folder

Mkdir-p/oracle / app/oracle

Chown-R oracle.oinstall / oracle/app/

Chmod-R 755 / oracle/app/oracle/

7. Set the environment variable when the oracle user logs in

Vim / home/oracle/.bash_profile

Delete the previous environment variable settings and add the following parameter settings

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/orc/app/oracle # specify the base directory

OPACLE_HOME=/orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/ # data Home Directory

ORACLE_SID=orcl # instance name

NLS_LANG= "SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA" .UTF8 # simplified Chinese character set

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

Export PATH LANG NLS_LANG ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

8, set the oracle user resource limit

Use pam_limits authentication module

Vim / etc/pam.d/login

Add:

Session required / lib/security/pam_limits.so # session Settings

Session required pam_limits.so

Vim / etc/security/limits.conf

Add:

Oracle soft nproc 2047

# processes available to a single user

Oracle hard nproc 16384

Oracle soft nofile 1024

# number of files that can be opened by users

Oracle hard nofile 65536

Oracle soft stack 10240

# Stack Settings

Vim / etc/profile

Add at the end:

If [$USER = "oracle"]

Then

If [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"]

Then

Ulimit-p 16384 # buffer size

Ulimit-n 65536 # number of files

Else

Ulimit-u 16384-n 65536 # number of processes and files

Fi

Fi

When logging in with a user name of oracle, first determine the login of the shell environment and set the limit

The above settings are our basic environment, if we do not set them. Error may appear at a later stage.

Now that the installation premise is ready, start the Oracle installation.

Copy the downloaded and unzipped database package to the oracle user's home directory using the Winscp tool, and grant permission

Execute the following command on the virtual machine locally as the root user

Xhost +

And switch to oracle users for graphical installation

Su-oracle / / switch to oracle user

Export DISPLAY=:0.0 # is displayed in a graphical interface

Cd database/

. / runInstaller / / start installation

Wait for the pop-up window to enter the installation interface

Set account password

Check the installation environment

Click install when the check is complete to install oracle

When the progress bar reaches 79%, a pop-up window prompts us that we need to execute the script before we can continue

Follow the prompts to open another terminal interface through the xshell tool, use the root identity, and execute the two scripts with the following command:

After executing the script, click OK, continue to wait for the progress bar to finish, and the installation will be displayed. Follow the prompts below to access oracle through the browser.

Enter https://192.168.195.148:5500/em in the browser

Use login name: sys password: set during installation, log in

To this database installation is complete.

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