Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

In this issue, the editor will bring you an introduction to the common operating systems of linux. The article is rich in content and analyzes and narrates it from a professional point of view. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

1. Debian

Debian runs extremely stably, which makes it ideal for use with servers. Debian maintains three formal software libraries and one non-free software library, which inspired several other distributions (such as Ubuntu and Kali). The operating system Debian has spawned several Linux distributions. It has more than 37500 software packages, and the only other distribution that beats Debian in this respect is Gentoo. Debian uses apt or aptitude to install and update software.

There is no doubt that Debian is not suitable for novice users, but for system administrators and advanced users. Debian supports most of today's architectures (processors).

2. Gentoo

Like Debian, the Gentoo operating system contains a large number of software packages. Gentoo does not appear in the form of precompilation, but needs to be compiled for each system at a time. Even the Gentoo community finds Gentoo difficult to install and use; however, it is considered the best learning object to learn more about the inner workings of the Linux operating system. When it comes to Gentoo, someone always says, "if you want to learn to use a Linux distribution, learn to use it; if you learn Gentoo, you learn Linux." Gentoo uses portage to install and update software.

The Gentoo operating system is suitable for users who are already familiar with Linux.

3. Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian and the most popular free operating system today. Ubuntu focuses on its application in this market, which is common on servers, cloud computing, and even some mobile devices running Ubuntu Linux. As a derivative of Debian Gnu Linux, the process, look and feel of Ubuntu is still mostly the same as Debian. It uses apt software management tools to install and update software. It is also one of the easiest distributions on the market today. Ubuntu uses an apt-based package manager.

Ubuntu is an operating system that novice users must love to put down.

4. Damn Vulnerable Linux

Of course, most people may have never heard of this release, but it still has a place in this article. So, what's so special about it? Damn Vulnerable Linux is aptly named: it literally means "damned vulnerable Linux". Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is by no means a good Linux distribution in the general sense. It deliberately bundles bad, misconfigured, outdated software that is easy to be attacked by lawbreakers.

Its purpose is to take the opportunity to train Linux administrators. What could be more useful than giving Linux administrators a bad distribution to troubleshoot problems? In the face of older or broken versions of Apache, MySQL, PHP, FTP and SSH, trained administrators are busy enough.

Damn Vulnerable Linux is a laboratory designed to train administrators.

5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux

This is the first Linux distribution for the commercial market. It has a server version and supports a wide range of processor architectures, including x86 and x86x64. Red Hat Company trains and certifies system administrators through the course Red Hat Certified system Administrator / Red Hat Certified engineer (RHCSA/RHCE). In terms of the global market, 80 per cent of total profits come from support and another 20 per cent from training and certification, although this is not the case in India.

In India, 80% of Red Hat's profits come from certification and training, and only 20% from support. Fedora is a platform, not a test environment for developing new products or applications; once it becomes a stable version, it is bundled with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including support. Red Hat offers a lot of stable applications, but the well-known disadvantage is that the cost of supporting too many old packages is indeed quite high. However, if security is a top concern, then Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the perfect distribution, using the YUM package manager.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the first choice for system administrators. It has a large number of packages and very good support.

Because the distribution is a commercial product, it is not free. However, you can download a beta version for teaching purposes.

Note: it is generally believed that Marc Ewin, who developed the release, named the product Red Hat because he lost his seemingly beloved red hat, which was a gift from his grandfather on his birthday.

6. CentOS

CentOS is an enterprise Linux distribution that is rebuilt using free source code from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This refactoring completely removes a very slight change in registered trademarks and Binary packages. Some people don't want to pay a lot of money and can appreciate the Red Hat Enterprise Linux;. For them, CentOS is worth a try. In addition, CentOS looks and behaves just like the parent version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. CentOS uses YUM to manage software packages.

A very stable package; anyone who wants to test how the server works on the desktop side should try this operating system.

7. Fedora

The tiny Fedora is for those who want to try the most advanced technology and can't wait for a stable version of the program. In fact, Fedora is a test platform for Red Hat; products are developed and tested on that platform before becoming an enterprise release. Fedora is a very good distribution with a large number of user forums and a large number of software packages in the software library. Fedora also uses YUM to manage software packages.

8. Kali Linux

Kali Linux is a derivative of Debian. Kali is intended for penetration testing. It was only released about three months ago. The predecessor of Kali is Backtrack. All Binary packages for Debian can be installed on Kali Linux, where the charm or power of Kali comes from. In addition, the user forums that support Debian add a lot of points to Kali. Kali comes with many penetration testing tools, whether it's Wifi, database, or any other tool, designed for horses to use. Kali uses APT to manage software packages.

There is no doubt that Kali Linux is a penetration testing tool or an operating system favored by civilized hackers (I don't want to talk about malicious hackers).

9. Arch Linux

Arch is an operating system with a rolling distribution: it only needs to be installed once; every time a new version is released, you can upgrade the distribution without having to reinstall it. Pacman is the package manager for Arch Linux. Arch Linux supports both X86 processor architecture and X86 processor 64 architecture, and the installer can be run from CD-ROM or USB disk. Arch aims to keep things simple from the developer's point of view, not from the user's point of view. Arch is super easy to configure and install. It is really a master-oriented distribution that allows you to understand every detail of the Linux system.

10. OpenSuse

OpenSuse, the Linux distribution, is free, not for commercial use, and still for personal use. OpenSuse's real competitor is Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It uses Yast to manage software packages. With Yast, it is very easy to use and manage server applications. In addition, the Yast installation wizard can configure an e-mail server, LDAP server, file server, or Web server without any unnecessary hassle. It comes with snapper snapshot management tools, so you can restore or use older files, updates, and configurations. Because of the Tumbleweed that makes rolling distributions possible, the installed operating system can be updated to the latest version without the need for any new releases.

SUSE is better known among administrators because it has Yast and other such applications that allow system administrators to manage tasks automatically, which is not available in other distributions of the same level.

This article is not a big inventory. There are hundreds of distributions on the market, each of which is different in some way. It's impossible to list them all here, and this article lists only the ten most common Linux distributions (there are only two types of people in the world, one who understands binary and the other who doesn't). Please promote the charm or power of Linux.

The above is the introduction of the common operating system of linux shared by Xiaobian. If you happen to have similar doubts, you might as well refer to the above analysis to understand. If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

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