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Whether it is the operating system or application software, the version is always updated, the new system and software will provide more functions, and some will abandon some outdated content to adapt to the current form. Therefore, in our current environment, there is a term "upgrade", which includes the upgrading of hardware (such as servers, storage, switches, networks), as well as software (operating systems, applications).

For hardware upgrades, after adopting vSphere virtualization, the update of virtualized hosts and storage becomes relatively simple: in the current vSphere data center, add new storage and hosts, use VMotion, migrate running virtual machines from old, low-performance storage to newly added storage, or use VMotion to move running virtual machines from ESXi hosts that are about to be phased out Migrate to the newly added ESXi host. After the migration is completed, the storage and hosts that are no longer in use are removed from the existing vSphere data center, that is, the upgrading of server hardware and storage is completed.

Compared with the software upgrade, it includes the virtualization host ESXi and the virtualization management center vCenter Server upgrade. This section introduces the upgrade of vSphere through a specific case.

9.1 Overview of a small vSphere data center

A small data center consisting of 3 IBM 3650 M4 and 1 IBM 3700 storage, and three servers with VMware ESXi 5.5 installed and managed by vCenter Server 5.5. VMware View 6.0 virtual desktops and VMware vCenter Operations Manager 5.8.1 are deployed in this data center. The entire topology is shown in figure 1-10.

Figure 1-10 Topology

The main process of the upgrade:

(1) back up vCenter Server. Use VDP to back up important virtual machines.

(2) upgrade vCenter Server 5.5to vCenter Server 6.0.

(3) upgrade each host in turn on the premise that the service is not interrupted. Suppose you upgrade A first, followed by B and C. When upgrading A, put An in "maintenance mode", hot migrate the hosts on A to B, C, and then upgrade A. After upgrading A successfully (completed), cancel the maintenance mode of A. Then upgrade B, and finally upgrade C.

We will describe each step in detail below.

9.2 backup vCenter Server and check the current host

Before upgrading, the main work is to back up important virtual machines and modify the necessary configurations.

(1) Please back up important virtual machines, and if you have VDP, use VDP to back up all important virtual machines one day in advance. For vCenter Server 5.5 itself, you can use vSphere Client or vSphere Web Client to clone a new copy of the virtual machine of vCenter Server 5.5 with its own salary, as shown in figure 1-11, where the name "vCenter_5.5 (bak)-16.20" is a clone from "vCenter-16.20", and the original vCenter Server is installed in a virtual machine named "vCenter-16.20". We make a complete copy to avoid the impact that vCenter Server cannot be started due to upgrade failure. In fact, upgrading from vCenter Server 5.5 to 6.0 is relatively safe and reliable, but in order to avoid problems, it is better to back up.

(2) if you are in a "cluster" environment and there are ESXi hosts in standby or hibernation in the cluster, power on the host (as shown in figure 1-12), and modify the cluster configuration (figure 1-13) to temporarily disable the "Power Management" feature, as shown in figure 1-14.

Figure 1-11 backing up vCenter Server virtual machines using virtual machine "cloning"

Figure 1-12 Power on the mainframe

Figure 1-13 Editing HA Settings

Figure 1-14 Power Management

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