Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Now that most of the interconnected companies have too many network equipment, it is inevitable that Huawei's network equipment needs to be configured, managed and maintained on a daily basis. It is a basic skill to master the working principle and basic configuration of network equipment. Many skills do not weigh on the body. Let's first analyze the network foundation layer by layer and learn layer by layer. The foundation is very important.

VRP:

Huawei router, the general network operating system of the switch.

VRP command line:

Command line:

A string registered within the device with a certain format and function.

Consists of keywords and parameters.

Command line interface:

An interface for the interaction of text-like instructions between the user and the device.

Command line view:

User View:

"" understand the basic information of the device and query the status of the device.

System View:

Enter the system-view command to enter.

You can use the basic features to configure commands.

Interface View:

Configure the service or parameters of the specific interface of the device.

Command level and user permission level:

It is divided into three levels:

0 visit class, network diagnostic commands.

1 monitoring level to view network status and basic equipment information.

Management level, such as uploading or downloading configuration files.

User permissions are divided into:

There are 16 levels in 015.

The relationship between the user permission level and the command level:

User-level command-level description

0 Network Diagnostics (ping,tracert,telnet)

System maintenance command, display.

2 0dint 1 # 2 service configuration commands, routing, commands at all network levels.

Commands related to the basic operation of the system, such as the file system.

FTP download, configuration file switch command. User management command

Command level setting command, system internal parameter setting command.

Includes debugging commands for troubleshooting.

Note:

Display current-configuration and

Display saved-configuration is an administrative command.

Enter the system view:

Use the system-view command.

Exit the command view:

Use the quit command.

Use the return command, or the ctrl+Z shortcut key to exit directly from the current view to the user view.

Online help:

?

Complete help:?

Partial help: command?

Keyboard shortcuts:

Ctrl+A jumps to the beginning of the line.

Ctrl+E jumps to the end of the line.

Ctrl+Z returns to the user view.

Tab completion.

Log in to the device

Log in to the device through the Console port.

Log in to the device through the miniUSB port.

Install the driver of the miniUSB port on the PC.

Basic configuration:

Configure the device hostname:

[huawei] sysname hostname

Configure the device system clock:

Clock timezone time-zone-name {add | minus} offset

Description:

Time-zone-name: a user-defined time zone name that identifies the configured time zone.

Forward offset: add

Negative offset: minus

[huawei] clock timezone BJ add 21:29 / / the emulator cannot be set.

Huawei supports the 24-hour system, which can set the current time and date.

[huawei] clock datetime HH:MM:SS YYYY-MM-DD

HHH:MM:SS setting time

YYYY-MM-DD sets the date.

Simulator cannot be set

Configure the device IP address:

Configure new devices: log in through the console port, configure the IP address, and enable the telnet function.

Enter the interface view:

Ip add IP address subnet mask or mask length

User interface configuration:

[Huawei] user-interface console 0

[Huawei-ui-console0] user privilege level 2

Login control for different users

Need to enter the corresponding user interface view for the corresponding configuration.

Number of the user interface:

(1) relative number:

Form:

User interface type + serial number

There are 15 user interfaces of VTY type.

(2) absolute number:

Uniquely identifies a user interface.

There is an one-to-one corresponding relationship with the relative number.

Display user-interface

/ / you can view the user interface information currently supported by the device.

Idx: absolute number

Type: the corresponding relative number

User authentication:

Authentication methods supported by the device:

(1) Password verification:

By default, the.

(2) AAA verification:

A user name and password are required. Verify both the user name and password.

High security, distinguish between different users.

(3) None verification:

Log in directly to the device. No verification is required.

Note: users logged in through telnet have a privilege level of 0 after logging in.

User permission level:

By default, all commands of the device can be operated when the user level is above level 3.

In the corresponding user view, you can execute the user privilege level level command to configure.

Level is the specified user level.

Configure the VTP user interface:

Generally, 15 users are allowed to log in to the device at the same time using the telnet command.

Set the user level to level 2. That is, configuration level.

(1) configure the maximum number of VTP user interfaces

System View:

User-interface maximum-vty 15

/ / the simulator cannot be set.

(2) enter the VTY user interface view:

User-interface vty 0 14

/ / the simulator cannot be set.

(3) configure user level 2:

User privilege level 2

(4) configure user authentication method:

Authentication-mode {aaa | none | password}

(5) configure the user name and password of AAA authentication.

Aaa, enter the aaa view

Execute the command local-user user-name password cipher password

The user name, password, and configuration password will be saved in the configuration file in ciphertext.

Then execute: local-user user-name service-type telnet

Define the access type of the user as telnet.

Example: configure Console user interface:

(1) enter the Console user interface:

[Huawei] user-interface console 0

(2) configure the user interface:

The configuration verification method is Password or aaa.

[Huawei-ui-console0] authentication-mode password

/ / set login password

Configure the ciphertext password:

[Huawei-ui-console0] set authentication password cipher yuan@123

The configuration information is saved in the device memory.

Use the command display current-configuration to view.

It will be lost when the device is rebooted or powered on.

Profile Management:

Current configuration:

The configuration that the device is currently running.

Power off or restart, configuration information is lost.

Configuration file:

A file that contains device configuration information.

A summary of the external memory that exists in the device. File name format: * .cfg or * .zip.

When you save the configuration, the configuration information is saved to the configuration file in vrpcfg.zip

Stored in the root directory of the external memory.

The configuration file to start next time:

The configuration file for the value memory is loaded the next time the device starts. The configuration file is called: vrpcfg.zip.

Save the current configuration:

Save the configuration manually:

Save

Then type y to confirm the save.

Backup: backup.zip configuration file.

Save backup.zip

Automatically save the configuration:

Periodic auto-save:

The device automatically completes the configuration saving according to the saving period set by the user.

Setting method:

Enable periodic auto-save:

Autosave interval on

Set the automatic save period:

Autosave interval 1440

/ / time is the specified time period, and the default value is 1440 minutes (24 hours).

Save automatically at regular intervals.

The automatic save function needs to be turned on by the user.

Turn on timing auto-save

Autosave time on

Set the auto-save time point:

Autosave time hh:mm:ss

Note:

Periodic auto-saving and regular auto-saving are mutually exclusive.

Set the configuration file for the next startup:

Support any one that exists in the root directory of the external memory of the device

The * .cfg or * .zip file is used as the configuration file for the next startup of the device.

It can be set by the file name / / command of the configuration specified by startup saved-configuration.

The configuration file is not available, the system prompts you to set up failed.

The VRP system provides:

Compare configuration command

To compare the difference between the current configuration and the next startup configuration file.

When comparing the differences, the characters are displayed from the differences, and 120 characters are displayed by default.

Log in to the device through telnet:

Telnet: application layer protocol, cplink mode.

TCP port 23

The VRP system supports telnet server and client functions.

File Management:

VRP file system:

Used to create, delete, modify, copy and display files and directories.

Files and directories exist in the external memory of the device.

Huawei routers support external memory:

Flash and SD cards.

External memory of the switch:

Flash and CF card.

Some devices support external flash drives.

The system software has a .cc extension and must be stored in the root directory of the external memory.

When powered on, the contents of the system software file are loaded into memory and run.

Back up the configuration file:

Backup process:

(1) View the files under the current path and confirm the name and size of the files that need to be backed up.

Diri [/ all] [filename | directory]

/ / can be used to view files under the current path.

/ / all means to view all files and directories under the current path

Includes files that have been deleted to the Recycle Bin.

/ / filename indicates the file name and directory path to be viewed.

The default external memory of the router is Flash.

(2) create a new directory:

The name of the directory to be created by mkdir

Mkdir flash:/backup

(3) copy and rename the file

Copy path and source file name of the copied file

The path to the target file and the target file name.

For example:

Copy ssl***.zip flash:/backup/ssl***.zip

And enter y to confirm.

(4) View the backed-up files:

The cd directory name is used to modify the current working path.

Transfer files:

1. Transfer files through TFTP:

TFTP (simple File transfer Protocol) UDP port: 69

Cpact S mode. Huawei switches and routers act as TFTP clients.

Commands for file transfer:

Tftp tftp-server {get | put} source-filename [destination file name]

Tftp-server: the IP address of the TFTP server.

Get: download files from the TFTP server to the TFTP client.

Put: upload files.

Source file name

Target file name.

Tftp is simple and convenient, and its security is poor.

2. Transfer files through FTP:

FTP (File transfer Protocol):

TCP21, CMARS.

FTP protocol: file deletion, file directory creation and deletion.

Command ftp FTP server IP address port number: 21

You can transfer files using SFTP (secure File transfer Protocol).

Encrypt and protect the integrity of the transmitted data. High security.

Delete the file:

Command: delete [/ unreserved] [/ force] filename

/ / unreserved completely deletes the specified file.

/ / force deletes files without confirmation.

Files deleted without unreserved,delete are saved to the Recycle Bin.

Use the undelete command to recover files from the Recycle Bin.

The reset recycle-bin command deletes all files in the Recycle Bin completely. Will be permanently deleted.

Set up the system startup file:

When the device starts, it needs to be loaded into memory from the external memory of the system.

And run the system software files and other related documents.

Execute the display startup command

Check the startup file to be used at the next startup of the current settings of the device.

Set the system software file command to be used for the next startup:

The system software file name specified by startup system-software.

This blog post, I hope to help you all. If there is anything wrong, you are welcome to correct it.

Only by learning from each other and discussing with each other can we make progress together.

If you have any good suggestions, welcome to join the technical circle of operation and maintenance to discuss: 656860651

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.