How to deeply analyze RMAN backup and recovery 03/25 Update SLTechnology News&Howtos

How to deeply analyze RMAN backup and recovery

2025-03-25 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >

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This article will explain in detail how to analyze RMAN backup and recovery in detail. the content of the article is of high quality, so the editor will share it for you as a reference. I hope you will have some understanding of the relevant knowledge after reading this article.

In-depth Analysis of RMAN backup and recovery

1. An example is given to illustrate the difference between the two kinds of incremental backup.

Good morning, everyone, the morning sun is really bright, a new day is about to begin, let's study the secret of incremental backup:)

Incremental incremental backup: the central idea is to reduce the amount of data backed up. Instead of backing up from scratch, we just need to back up the data blocks since the last backup.

About Incremental incremental backup levels:

There are five levels of Oracle 9i: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0

The Oracle 10g official documentation clearly states that incremental backups have only two levels of 0 and 1 (too many incremental levels don't make much sense). However, when performing incremental operations, you can still specify multiple levels, up to a maximum of level 4 incremental backups.

There are only 0 and 1 levels for Oracle 11g incremental backups.

Level level 0 is a full database backup of the database, incremental backup must start from level 0, that is to say, there must be a full database backup as the basis.

If you are using the "backup full database" command to do a full-library backup, oracle does not think that this is a full-library backup of level 0, although it is the same, do a separate level 0. With level 0 as the foundation, you can have the following level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4. If you are impulsive to send a level1 backup directly, oracle will automatically add a level 0 in front of the level1, followed by level 0 backup and then level1 backup, a total of two backups.

About the type of Incremental incremental backup:

(1) differential incremental backup: back up all the changed data blocks since the parent and peer backups. Differential increment is the default incremental backup method.

Features: trigger condition is less than or equal to the current level of create tablespace test1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off

Tablespace created.

Create a test1 table

SYS@LEO1 > conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1 > create table test1 tablespace test1 as select * fromdba_objects

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1 > select checkpoint_change# from vault database; we record the SCN number every time we finish an action

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

1079203

Level 1 differential backup

RMAN > backup incremental level 1 database

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) in backup set

Input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf has added test1 table space this time.

Input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T151746comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Create test2 tablespace

LEO1@LEO1 > create tablespace test2 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off

Tablespace created.

Create a test2 table

LEO1@LEO1 > create table test2 tablespace test2 as select * fromdba_objects

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1 > select checkpoint_change# from v$database

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

1079213

Level 1 differential backup again

RMAN > backup incremental level 1 database

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) in backup set

Input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00007 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf has added test1 table space this time.

Input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T153609comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1 > select checkpoint_change# from v$database

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

1084254

SYS@LEO1 > alter system switch logfile; Let's do a log switch from 2-> 3

System altered.

SYS@LEO1 > archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination / u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 1

Next log sequence to archive 3

Current log sequence 3

SYS@LEO1 > alter system switch logfile; Let's cut it again for insurance. The current log serial number is 4.

System altered.

SYS@LEO1 > conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1 > drop table test1 purge; We delete the test1 and test2 tables

Table dropped.

LEO1@LEO1 > drop table test2 purge

Table dropped.

Now we want to restore to the state before it was deleted, there are two ways (1) to restore to scn=1084254 (2) to restore to sequence=3

Check the backup set

RMAN > list backupset

List of Backup Sets

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

19 Incr 0 960.85M DISK 00:01:21 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150112

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 19

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

10 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

20 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150238

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 30-APR-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1081329 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

21 Incr 1 19.38M DISK 00:02:08 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T151746

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 21

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

1 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

51 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

22 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152002

Piece Name: / u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1083563 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

23 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:02 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152849

Piece Name: / u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-02

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084027 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

24 Incr 1 9.90M DISK 00:02:00 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 24 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153609

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 24

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

1 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13 / u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

7 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

25 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 25 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153814

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084436 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

From this size size, we can see that 960.85m-> 19.38m-> 9.90m all we do are incremental backups, so it's good to start recovery now.

SYS@LEO1 > shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@LEO1 > startup mount starts mount state recovery

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 471830528bytes

Fixed Size 2214456bytes

Variable Size 184550856 bytes

Database Buffers 276824064bytes

Redo Buffers 8241152bytes

Database mounted.

RMAN performs incomplete recovery based on SCN number

RMAN > restore database until scn 1084254

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

Using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

Creating datafile file number=7name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1 restore from level 0 backup

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1tag=TAG20130510T150112

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 restore level 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN > recover database until scn 1084254; synchronous scn number

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00003:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Starting media recovery

Archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf thread=1sequence=1

Media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN > alter database open resetlogs; inconsistent open

Database opened

Cumulative incremental backup

Zero-level backup

Backup incremental level 0 cumulative database

Create tablespace test3

Create table test3

First-level cumulative backup

Backup incremental level 1 cumulative database

Create tablespace test4

Create table test4

First-level cumulative backup

Backup incremental level 1 cumulative database

Remember the current sequence number, we delete table test3 and table test4, and then restore to the moment of sequence, check whether table test3 and table test4 are fully restored, restore window: restore two backup sets 0room1 (last backup) + redo

Let's do it a little faster.

RMAN > backup incremental level 0 cumulative database; level 0 cumulative incremental backup

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) in backup set

Input datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-05comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Create tablespaces and table test3

LEO1@LEO1 > create tablespace test3 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1 > create table test3 tablespace test3 as select * fromdba_objects

Table created.

Level 1 cumulative backup

RMAN > backup incremental level 1 cumulative database

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) in backup set

Input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00008name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle= / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0vo99vgi_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163217 comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-06comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Create tablespaces and table test4

LEO1@LEO1 > create tablespace test4 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1 > create table test4 tablespace test4 as select * fromdba_objects

Table created.

Once again, level 1 cumulative backup

RMAN > backup incremental level 1 cumulative database

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) in backup set

Input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00008 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00009name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

Input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle= / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657 comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-07comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1 > drop table test3 purge

SYS@LEO1 > drop table test4 purge

Switch logs twice

SYS@LEO1 > alter system switch logfile

System altered.

SYS@LEO1 > alter system switch logfile

System altered.

SYS@LEO1 > archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination / u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 3

Next log sequence to archive 5

Current log sequence 5

We just need to go back to sequence=4.

RMAN performs incomplete recovery based on sequence number

SYS@LEO1 > shutdown immediate

SYS@LEO1 > startup mount

RMAN > restore database until sequence 4 thread 1; all the way to the 4th archive log

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

Using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN > recover database until sequence 4 thread 1

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile (s) to restore from backup set

Destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00003: / u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00006: / u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

Destination for restore of datafile 00007:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

Channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= / u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Starting media recovery

Archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf thread=1sequence=3

Media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN > alter database open resetlogs; Open the database

Database opened

LEO1@LEO1 > select count (*) from test3; is fully restored.

COUNT (*)

71894

LEO1@LEO1 > select count (*) from test4

COUNT (*)

71895

I'm sure you'll find an interesting phenomenon. Our backup set order is DB_0to99v4v_1_1- > DB_0vo99vgi_1_1- > DB_11o99vpa_1_1.

-rw-r- 1 oracle asmadmin 1023426560 May 10 16:27 DB_0to99v4v_1_1

-rw-r- 1 oracle asmadmin 10493952 May 10 16:34 DB_0vo99vgi_1_1

-rw-r- 1 oracle asmadmin 20193280 May 10 16:38 DB_11o99vpa_1_1

And we restore the order DB_0to99v4v_1_1- > DB_11o99vpa_1_1, there is no intermediate DB_0vo99vgi_1_1, this is the characteristic of cumulative incremental backup. When backing up, it needs to find a base point smaller than its own level for incremental backup, so DB_11o99vpa_1_1 is prepared from level 0 to the latest state (including DB_0vo99vgi_1_1) and gives priority to backup set recovery according to Oracle. After using all backup sets, In the application of archived log recovery, because the backup set efficiency is much faster than archiving, this principle, we can directly use the DB_11o99vpa_1_1 backup set for recovery.

Summary: the feeling is deep and rainy. The example shows that the difference between the two kinds of incremental backup has been completed. We have learned something from these experiments. It should be said that these two increments have their own advantages and are suitable for different application scenarios. How to make better use of them depends on the degree of backup and recovery that your project can accept. All right, I'll see you tomorrow, goodbye.

two。 Demonstrate using catalog database as the database of RMAN to make a full backup of the database

As we mentioned above, Rman metadata can be placed in a control file, but it can also be placed in a catalog database. What is a catalog library? Let's briefly explain its function.

1. Catalog library uniformly manages RMAN backup information, that is, metadata information. If there is no catalog library, the RMAN backup information is written into the control file.

two。 The target database must be registered with the catalog library to use

3. The cost of controlling file recovery is getting lower and lower, which reduces the use of catalog library.

4. Control files cannot retain backup information for more than one year, but catalog can.

5. Catalog library can save backup information of n databases at the same time, reduce management cost and improve management efficiency.

1. Create tablespace catalog1 to store rman backup information, create tablespace representative [catalog library]

LEO1@LEO1 > create tablespace catalog1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/catalog1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off

Tablespace created.

two。 Create the user cl_admin and specify the default tablespace catalog1

LEO1@LEO1 > create user cl_admin identified by cl_admin defaulttablespace catalog1

User created.

3. Grant the recovery_catalog_owner role to the cl_admin user to provide permission to maintain and query the recovery directory

LEO1@LEO1 > grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to cl_admin

Grant succeeded.

LEO1@LEO1 > select * from dba_roles where role like'% RECOVER%'

ROLE PASSWORD AUTHENTICAT

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER NO NONE

LEO1@LEO1 > conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@LEO1 > select * from role_sys_privs whererole='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER'; to see what system permissions this role has-> 11 permissions

ROLE PRIVILEGE ADM

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SYNONYM NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE CLUSTER NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER ALTERSESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE DATABASE LINK NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TABLE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SEQUENCE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATEPROCEDURE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE VIEW NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TYPE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TRIGGER NO

11 rows selected.

4. Enter rman to create a recovery directory catalog library

[oracle@leonarding1 backup] $rman catalog cl_admin/cl_admin logs in to rman as the owner of the recovery directory

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0-Production on Sat May 11 09 purl 0629 2013

Connected to recovery catalog database connects to the recovery catalog database

RMAN > create catalog tablespace catalog1; represents catalog libraries with catalog1 tablespaces

Recovery catalog created

The 5.target library is registered to the catalog library

[oracle@leonarding1 backup] $rman target sys/oracle catalogcl_admin/cl_admin

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0-Production on Sat May 11 09 purl 15 purl 10 2013

Connected to target database: LEO1 (DBID=1692458681) must be logged in as SYS, not as an ordinary user, otherwise it cannot be registered

Connected to recovery catalog database is also connected to the catalog library

RMAN > register database; put target library-> register-> catalog library, who registers whose backup information can be saved to catalog library.

Database registered in recovery catalog

Starting full resync of recovery catalog

Full resync complete

6. Confirm the success of registration in the database to see which databases are registered to the catalog library

[oracle@leonarding1 ~] $sqlplus cl_admin/cl_admin

CL_ADMIN@LEO1 > col name for A6

CL_ADMIN@LEO1 > select * from rc_database; from this view we can see that the leo1 library has been registered with catalog

DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS

24 1692458681 LEO1 1086803 10-MAY-13

7. Cancel registration

RMAN > unregister database; unregisters the target database from the recovery catalog library

8. Full database backup

RMAN > backup as compressed backupset full database include currentcontrolfile plus archivelog delete all input

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

Current log archived

Allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=38 STAMP=814107533

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=36 STAMP=814105467

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_15o9bs9s_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_6_814098124.dbf RECID=38STAMP=814107533

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_7_814098124.dbf RECID=36STAMP=814105467

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=39 STAMP=815067081

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_16o9bs9t_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf RECID=39STAMP=815067081

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=37 STAMP=814105539

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_17o9bsa1_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_8_814098124.dbf RECID=37STAMP=814105539

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=40 STAMP=815067673

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_18o9bsa2_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_814107939.dbf RECID=40STAMP=815067673

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=43 STAMP=815070347

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_19o9bsa3_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815069267.dbf RECID=43STAMP=815070347

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=41 STAMP=815067752

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=42 STAMP=815069267

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1ao9bsa4_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_814107939.dbf RECID=41STAMP=815067752

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_814107939.dbf RECID=42STAMP=815069267

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=44 STAMP=815070349

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=45 STAMP=815071289

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=46 STAMP=815071321

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1bo9bsa5_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815069267.dbf RECID=44STAMP=815070349

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf RECID=45STAMP=815071289

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_815069267.dbf RECID=46STAMP=815071321

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=48 STAMP=815130519

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1co9bsa9_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815071959.dbf RECID=48STAMP=815130519

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=47 STAMP=815071959

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1do9bsag_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_5_815069267.dbf RECID=47STAMP=815071959

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

Channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log (s) in backup set

Input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=49 STAMP=815132985

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

Piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1eo9bsai_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

Channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log (s)

Archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815071959.dbf RECID=49STAMP=815132985

Finished backup at 11-MAY-13

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

Using channel ORA_DISK_1

Channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set