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Mobile App Development Framework Inventory

general overview

There are six popular mobile APP development frameworks: web, hybrid, not only, native, bridging, and self-painting. The first three experiences are similar to those of the Web, and the last three are similar to those of native apps. Each of these six forms of framework has its own scope of application. It doesn't matter if it's good or bad, it's good if it works.

Web page application is suitable for traditional website APP, such as Taobao, Jingdong, there are a large number of WEB pages embedded in the APP.

Hybrid applications are suitable for low-cost application development, all code is based on the Web, and the benefits are fast development and low cost.

Progressive applications are suitable for high opportunity cost occasions, download while using, can be quickly acquired, fast experience.

Native apps are suitable for large and demanding apps that make for a satisfying experience.

Bridge apps are ideal for creative apps that iterate at high speeds, keeping the experience and cost within acceptable limits.

Self-painting applications are suitable for games and special effects applications. The biggest advantage is that there are no platform constraints and expression bottlenecks.

1. WebApp

The main difference between WebApp and traditional Web is the front-end framework, especially the application of V-DOM framework. This kind of front-end framework makes WebApp and NativeApp mechanically indistinguishable. Among the many front-end frameworks, React, Vue and Angular are the most competitive.

React

Pioneer of V-Dom technology, No.1 in mainstream framework. React's contributions are groundbreaking, and there are many compatible frameworks based on it, such as Anu, Nerv. To address performance or IE compatibility issues with React.

Mainstream technology programmes:

React + Redux + ReactRouter + Material-UI/AntD/Semantic-UI

Vue

Created by Chinese people, it has a large number of users in China, and there are also many supporting open source projects. Its main features are low cost and easy to learn.

Mainstream technology programmes:

Vue + Vuex + Vue-Router + Vuetify/Quasar/vux/ Mint-UI

Angular

Large, full-featured framework, favored for large projects, with deep integration of Typescript and Rxjs.

Mainstream technology programmes:

Angular + Typescript

Second, native NativeApp

Due to the limitations of the operating system, there are only a few native applications. For native applications, architecture is the foundation, framework is the core, plus a large number of UI components.

IOS

iOS development has shifted from OC to Swift, and the latest architecture, VIPER, can basically be considered MMVPP.

Mainstream technology programmes:

VIPER + RxSwift + Moya + Alamofire + SwiftyJSON/ObjectMapper

Android

Android development language changed from Java to Kotlin. Dagger, a compile-time dependency injection framework, has also become a magic weapon.

Mainstream technology programmes:

MVP + Dagger + RxKotlin + Retrofit + OkHttp + Kotson(Gson)

III. Hybrid App

The key to HybridApp is not in itself, but in WebApp. It's easy to change a good WebApp to a HybridApp. So the hybrid application framework actually refers to the infrastructure library of WebApp, and Cordova(PhoneGap) is enough.

Cordova

PhoneGap is open source.

IV. BridgeApp

Bridge apps are characterized by native interfaces, but the application logic is written in scripting languages, and generic bridges control the native interface. This achieves the purpose of writing native applications using scripts, and even allows web pages to use the same set of code as native applications, saving a lot of development costs. However, the operation feel is much stronger than the web application.

ReactNative and Weex represent two different approaches. ReactNative provides tools to open platform differentiation (Learn Once, Write Anywhere), while Weex provides frameworks to mask platform differentiation (Write Once, Run Everywhere). Therefore, the biggest pain point of ReactNative is that it is difficult to use and must be familiar with all platforms;Weex is destined to have relatively weak functions and more pits.

React Native

React's popularity actually started with the release of ReactNative.

Weex

Whether a niche framework can grow or not depends on whether learners can write applications efficiently. So many people think documentation is the key to deciding whether an open source framework lives or dies. There are several open source applications that use frameworks that are more critical than documentation. Because these applications are alive, they indirectly demonstrate the value and ability of frameworks to survive and become better documented textbooks. Weex claims to have a bunch of well-known apps, but open source projects are lackluster.

Xamarin(C#)

Xamarin is implemented differently in IOS and Android. In IOS, AOT is compiled directly, and in Android, bridging technology is used.

RubyMotion(Ruby)

Writing mobile applications in dynamic languages is a matter of ability for the language community, which must prove the superiority and omnipotence of language. But except for enthusiasts, the right thing to do is to use the most efficient platform and language. Ruby's strength lies in the Web backend, so there is not much inheritance in writing apps, and the writing efficiency is also too small and there is a risk of falling into pits. There is a free version, but only the latest operating system version is supported.

Titanium

The core of this framework is to develop applications using JavaScript, which is very different from Web development in form. So basically, it's a scripting language framework, just like RubyMotion.

V. Self-drawing OwndrawApp

Since painting has always been the sphere of influence of the game interface, in fact, except Flutter, other frameworks are biased towards game development. Therefore, Flutter's emergence attracted a lot of attention. After all, this is the only feasible solution that truly crosses platforms.

Flutter(Dart)

Flutter is one of the truly noteworthy cross-platform solutions, aside from the somewhat controversial use of the Dart language. More recently it has targeted platforms other than iOS and Android, with Flutter Desktop Embedding bringing Flutter to the desktop operating system and Hummingbird bringing Flutter apps to the browser. It takes advantage of the Dart platform features to compile not only native ARM code, but JavaScript as well. This allows Flutter code to run on a standards-based Web without any changes.

CrossApp(C++)

CrossApp is based on the Cocos2d-x engine, which is based on OpenGL. 9 seconds community is developed by the mobile game community, which shows the background of CrossApp, using C++ development also has some loyal fans.

Corona(Lua)

More suitable for games, not suitable for applications, mainly because the interface part, the official UI part of the code is very difficult to use, their own implementation is very time-consuming.

Kivy(Python)

Another dynamic language development framework, combined with game engines, makes it marketable in certain domains. And it also cross-windows platform, can run directly under windows, can really achieve cross-platform operation.

VI. Progressive App

Not only does it mean downloading while using this layer, but it also means not relying on the network after downloading. In terms of types, there are Google-led PWA(Progressive WebApp) and Wechat-led Mini programs. Compared with PWA's ambition to dominate the world, Mini programs are obviously pragmatic-oriented, can be used as long as there is no long-term layout. Baidu, Alipay and QuickApp of China's nine mobile phone manufacturers alliance, eager to compete with WeChat, also copied this style. With the rise of various cross-platform translation tools (such as Taro), each Mini programs platform has also become a proprietary browser implementation, becoming a small footnote in the front-end thousand frames war.

PWA

Progressive Web App is a progressive web app. Compared with the private platform of domestic manufacturers, Google-led PWA aims at the next generation browser standard from the beginning. The biggest difference from traditional web pages is the introduction of Service Worker, which is equivalent to a local server and can continue to work in place of a website server when offline. In addition, PWA is roughly a SPA(single page web app), and the inheritance of open standards is still relatively high. However, due to the unclear attitude of various platform manufacturers (such as Microsoft and Apple) to PWA, the promotion of PWA has been slow.

MiniProgram

Weixin Mini Programs (Mini), due to the volume and frequency of use of WeChat, make the mini programs can carry enough ambition. Technically, however, it is a browser implementation with a large number of users. Mini programs and a large number of followers led to the development of a multi-polar unified framework.

Taro

React-compatible cross-platform multi-terminal unified development framework. One click generates code that can run on WeChat/Baidu/Alipay/ByteDance (Byte) Mini programs, H5, React Native, etc. Although the Multi-Terminal Unified Framework seems to work on different types of platforms, it still depends on those platform tools and Mini programs hosted on them.

Nanachi

React is a multi-end translation scaffold compatible with Anu framework developed by Situ Zhengmei. But whereas Taro is a bundle of tools, nanachi is just scaffolding, which is shabby. No wrapping?

Chameleon

Vue-like cross-platform multi-terminal unified development framework. I read yesterday's Chameleon Principle: Are all other unified frameworks false? It has magical polymorphic components, which redefine a component declaration framework; strict and comprehensive inspection, which will not make your code cross platforms; more adaptive code, heard that there is a unified interface on the back end, and there is also a background management system. Well, have fun.

trend analysis

Because WeChat opened the advertising revenue of Mini programs traffic owners in China, the upsurge of Mini programs was ignited, and the multi-terminal translation framework was further promoted. However, these frameworks do not do much, the engine is still React/Vue, and a set of UI components that are uniform across platforms. UI components are the goal that everyone has always wanted to unify, but not achieve, for personalization reasons. The Taro framework also sells its own set of UI components. In my opinion, it is better to provide a set of component "standards" that allow and encourage users to implement them themselves.

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