Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

1 domestic survey and design industry

A brief review of the construction of design project management system A brief review of the information construction in the survey and design industry has gone through a bumpy road in the past ten years. Leading design enterprises have come forward one after another, focusing on the main business design project management. Starting from the application of financial, personnel, document and drawing management, it gradually goes deep into operation and design process management. The concept has also developed from office automation and paperless to PDM (product data management) and design process management (⋯⋯).

Its original intention is to control the whole process from the design task to the product output, standardize the design management, improve the production efficiency, reduce the design cost, distribute the design fee scientifically, and collect, file and utilize the design drawings effectively. The ultimate goal is to strengthen internal management, provide quality services for owners, establish a brand image, enhance market competitiveness and improve profitability.

Most of the design project management systems built in the initial stage ended in failure, a large number of projects ran aground, and very few of them could be used. Even if they could be used at that time, they could not adapt to the development and changes of design enterprises, so they had to overthrow and start all over again. There are two main reasons:

(1) Survey and design enterprises do not have a clear understanding of informatization and lack of experience.

It is difficult to apply because it only focuses on the part, neglects the internal relationship between upstream and downstream, the management can not form a closed loop, the data is separated from each other, and is disturbed by different habits and ways of use by different departments and personnel.

The blind pursuit of foreign advanced project management concepts, ignoring the domestic design enterprises in the mode of production, management mode of the larger differences, the enterprise's own management level and practical conditions can not adapt to foreign project management software. It is too idealized and hopes to realize the "automation of the whole design process" through the design management system, and naturally improve the level of design management.

(2) Software developers are restless and eager for quick success and quick profit.

Only focus on competing for the market and customers, but reluctant to invest, can only imitate, low-level development, competition, no ability to innovate, let alone core technology, can only provide a single product, the technical structure is unreasonable, encounter changes can only overthrow and start all over again.

The developers are young, technical thinking, lack of design institute background, do not understand the customer's business management model and practical conditions, do not understand the customer's management purpose, and it is impossible to reasonably judge the customer's needs and organize the technical solution reasonably.

It is difficult to apply 2PLM system in domestic survey and design enterprises.

PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) means "product life cycle management". In fact, PLM involves three levels: "PLM domain", "PLM concept" and "PLM software product". According to the definition given by CIMdata, PLM is a strategic enterprise application that supports the collaborative creation, management, dissemination and use of product definition information through a set of solutions. This kind of collaboration goes beyond enterprise boundaries and product life cycle, and integrates people, processes, business systems and information.

PLM contains the following:

Basic technologies and standards (such as XML, visualization, collaboration, and enterprise application integration)

Tools for information creation and analysis (such as CAD, CAM, CAE, CASE, information publishing tools, etc.)

Core functions (such as data warehouse, document and content management, workflow and task management, etc.)

Application features (such as configuration management)

Business / industry-oriented solutions and consulting services (e.g. automotive and high-tech industries)

The concept of PLM originated in the 1970s, and it was originally put forward as a product innovation-oriented system to meet the product development needs of major manufacturing enterprises, hoping to shorten the product listing cycle, improve the quality of products and services, reduce product costs and improve the profitability of enterprises by minimizing R & D costs during the cultivation period and maximizing profits from the growth period to the end.

It is only in recent years that PLM system has been introduced into domestic design enterprises, and so far only some large professional design enterprises have begun to try, from inviting external companies to consult, inspect, select, purchase, install, deploy, transform, train and try out, there is still a long way to go before the real application. If the domestic design industry wants to implement the PLM system and realize the life cycle management of design products within a few years, it does face great resistance and challenges, and the biggest difficulty is the environmental differences at home and abroad:

(1) PLM system is produced in the social and economic environment of foreign countries.

The engineering construction market is mature and standardized

The construction cycle of the project is reasonable.

The mode of production organization is relatively stable, the management relationship is simple, and the division of personnel structure is reasonable.

High level of personnel management, high professional quality, tacit understanding

The degree of standardization is high. The system is sound, the operation process is standardized, act according to the rules, and the executive force is strong.

The assessment and distribution mechanism of projects and personnel is relatively mature.

(2) domestic design enterprises are generally facing more severe pressure of survival.

With the sustained and rapid growth of China's economy, most of the design enterprises are in the state of "catching up" with fewer people and more work.

The engineering construction market is not mature enough and the competition is fierce.

The time limit and quotation required by the owner are not reasonable, and the owner changes a lot, so it is difficult for the design enterprise to organize the production step by step.

The design enterprise is still in the period of deepening reform, the mode of organization, operation and production is not yet finalized, and the change is very fast.

Design enterprises are still constantly exploring a more reasonable assessment and distribution system because the PLM systems developed by foreign companies do not take into account China's unique national conditions, they will basically encounter the situation of "disobedience between soil and water". It is difficult to implement and apply.

(3) the proposal of the whole life cycle management system of design project.

3.1 Life cycle of the design project

The whole life cycle of a design project begins with tracking customer requirements and participating in bidding, through signing contracts, formally undertaking projects, issuing task notifications, organizing design product production, delivering customers, filing design drawings, and depositing knowledge. finally, it can be reused by the design project, and has gone through a complete life cycle of the design project (figure 1).

Figure 1 the whole life cycle of the design project

3. 2 design project lifecycle management system

The concept of design project lifecycle management system is sufficient:

Based on the standardization of design management, the starting point and destination of management are the precipitation, collection, management and reuse of knowledge. Based on information technology such as data warehouse, network collaboration and project information management, it provides a complete solution for customer demand tracking, bidding, signing contracts, issuing task notices, project planning, design input, mutual submission of materials, drawing design, design review, drawing printing, publishing, delivery, collection, archiving, utilization and file management.

3. 3 key problems to be solved

(1) break through the limitations of the start-up, planning, execution, monitoring and closing stages of the project, and extend forward to project tracking, bidding and tendering. It extends back to the collection, archiving and reuse of design outcome documents, and truly realizes the whole life cycle management of the design project.

(2) highlight the precipitation, extraction, management and recycling of knowledge, which not only covers the whole process of the design project, but also through the analysis, consultation and satisfaction of customers' new requirements. Reuse in the new project cycle.

(3) to provide information services for all managers and project team members of the design project, including the dean, managers of operation, production, technical quality departments, design directors, project leaders, professional responsible persons, designers, school examiners, etc.

(4) it can effectively manage and monitor the key project management information such as progress, quality, cost, human resources, product documents, contracts, fees, output value, performance appraisal, distribution and so on.

(5) the key links such as task assignment, planning, input, exchange of data, review, verification, publication and filing of the design project can be managed, and records of quality activities, mutual communication and cooperation can be maintained to facilitate the distinction of responsibilities.

(6) it can adapt to different management purposes, different organization modes, operation and production modes and application conditions.

4 the construction of the whole life cycle management system of design project

4. 1 overall paddle structure of the system

The overall architecture of the design project lifecycle management system is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2 the overall architecture of the whole life cycle system of the project

4. 2 system construction content

(1) leadership monitoring

To provide a real-time monitoring platform for the leaders of the hospital to monitor the overall operation and production status of the design projects of the whole hospital.

(2) Operation and management

Timely follow-up, objective evaluation and fully meet customer needs and constantly tap new needs: provide information-based monitoring means and statistical analysis tools of business data, scientific prediction, reasonable bidding and reduction of business risks: effective management of Taitong, Xiamen time, accurately grasp the situation of fees, payments and expenses, control the balance of revenue and expenditure, and improve the profitability of enterprises.

(3) production management

Work out the production plan, control the establishment, assignment, completion and closure of the design project, monitor the progress of the design project in real time, and distribute the project and professional output value reasonably. assess the performance of projects and professional designers.

(4) Design management

Establish a wide range of projects, focus on the key elements of the design project, such as progress, quality, praise, personnel, product documents, man-hours, as well as project planning, design input, exchange of data, drawing design, design review, drawing printing, publishing, delivery, filing, post-service and other key links to carry out management and dynamic monitoring.

(5) Establishment of collaborative design.

Collaborative workspace provides designers with a standard working environment, which can easily carry out internal and inter-professional cooperation, and effectively manage the creation, production, release, change, exchange, sharing and communication of design documents.

(6) drawing, drawing file collection and archiving to manage the printing and publishing of design documents, and on the basis of the existing working methods, effectively collect drawing files and engineering attributes, and file automatically.

(7) knowledge management establishes the knowledge system of design project lifecycle management, provides convenient tools for knowledge extraction, management and recycling in key links such as customer demand tracking, bidding, project planning, Watti dance materials, drawing design, proofreading, drawing printing, collection, archiving, post-service, file management and so on (such as knowledge portal, attribute, classification creation, search engine, rights management).

(8) Archives management standardizes the archived documents of design projects, including project management documents, design achievement documents (electronic drawings, etc.), quality records, etc., so as to facilitate inquiry, browsing, downloading and other use.

(9) Human resource management realizes the linkage between the basic information of production personnel and the dynamic information of the project, which is convenient to grasp the load of production personnel in time and allocate them reasonably, and can evaluate the scientific performance of the members of the project team.

(10) Financial management finance is associated with operation and project management data, so that you can know the project income and expenditure in real time, compare and calculate.

4. 3 system construction strategy

(1) the whole life cycle management system of construction and design project is a long-term and arduous task, involving all aspects and great risks, whether it is one-time construction or step-by-step implementation, it needs to carry out overall planning first. design enterprises that already have local applications and do not want to overthrow them should make overall planning and formulate a reasonable and feasible integration (integration) plan according to the actual situation.

(2) to formulate unified design management and collaborative design standards, and to establish a reasonable relationship among departments, specialties, the main links of design management and design product data, which meets the essential requirements of management, and can effectively prevent the "information isolated island" caused by local construction.

(3) the business management of design enterprises is very different, so the construction of design project lifecycle management system must fully take into account different management purposes, different organizations, operations, production modes and different application conditions and working habits; not only pay attention to the overall situation, but also take care of the key local needs: not only meet the requirements of reality, but also adapt to the requirements of long-term development. Design enterprises should sort out their needs and choose their own application system according to their own management mode and characteristics.

(4) the whole life cycle management system of design project is a complex system engineering, which requires the comprehensive use of all kinds of specialized technologies, so we should adopt the SOA technology architecture and build it on an open and extensible integrated platform, which can support a variety of technical routes, and can continue to improve, improve and transition smoothly with the development of information technology.

(5) at present, the vast majority of designers still rely on two-dimensional professional design software for drawing design and collaboration. The design project lifecycle management system can not rush for success, but also need to reserve space, so as to prepare for the final transformation into a three-dimensional design mode supported by BIM (Building Information Model): basically unchanged design habits, extracting valuable data from two-dimensional software for knowledge precipitation and utilization. It is a shortcut to get twice the result with half the effort.

Research and practice of design project lifecycle management system

Beijing Lizheng Software Design and Research Institute began to design the research and practice of project lifecycle management system in the 1990s, hoping to provide omni-directional and professional information technology services for design enterprises and improve the overall efficiency of design and management. Although this kind of exploration has experienced setbacks, we have never given up our efforts. Through continuous investment and improvement, the understanding has been deepened, the technical ability has been continuously improved, and the application effect has gradually emerged.

From 1998 to 1999, Lizheng successively developed survey and design CAD and road integration CAD software, which took the lead in realizing the linkage between graphics and database, forming the embryonic form of parametric design of engineering construction project.

In 2000, Lizheng cooperated with the design institute to develop a knowledge base management system, which took the first step in the knowledge management and utilization of engineering design projects.

In 2002, Lizheng launched the design process and drawing management system, which covers the main management links of design projects from bidding (entrustment), project delivery, design planning, design input, mutual extraction of data, drawing design, design review, publication, delivery, filing, and drawing documents.

In 2005, relying on independent professional CAD software and professional technology such as graphic recognition, Lizheng carried out the research and development of two-dimensional collaborative design platform and collaborative design tools to improve the efficiency of design collaboration without changing the habits of designers.

In 2006, Lizheng launched a detachable second-generation general platform for management information system, which can flexibly configure business models and application systems that meet different design enterprises, different management purposes, management models and application conditions like building blocks. Support a variety of technical routes, can quickly adapt to the development and changes of design enterprises.

In recent years, Lizheng has cooperated with the design institute to actively explore the application of knowledge management and collaborative design supported by database, through technology research and development, technology innovation and technology integration, constantly approaching the ultimate goal of the whole life cycle management system of the design project.

6 concluding remarks

For the survey and design industry, the design project lifecycle management is undoubtedly a change. The application and final realization of the design project lifecycle management system will thoroughly and profoundly change the current design and management methods. Significantly improve the productivity level of design enterprises, which requires design enterprises and software companies to make long-term and painstaking efforts.

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