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C.8: Use class instead of struct to define classes when there are non-public members

Reason

Readability. To make it clear that something is being hidden/abstracted. This is a useful convention.

Readability. It is clear that something is hidden or abstract. This is a useful practice.

Example, bad

struct Date { int d, m;

Date(int i, Month m); // ... lots of functions ... private: int y; // year};

If you only consider the rules of the C++ language, there are no errors in this code. But from a design point of view, almost everything is wrong. Private data is also hidden away from public data. The data is scattered into different parts of the class declaration. Access attributes vary for different parts of the data. All of this reduces readability and increases maintenance complexity.

Note:

Prefer to place the interface first in a class, see NL.16.

It is best to place interfaces at the beginning of a class

Enforcement

Flag classes declared with struct if there is a private or protected member.

Prompt if a class declared with the struct keyword has private or protected members.

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