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This article mainly introduces "what is the technical principle of blockchain". In daily operation, I believe that many people have doubts about what the technical principle of blockchain is. The editor has consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out simple and easy-to-use operation methods. I hope it will be helpful for you to answer the doubts about "what is the technical principle of blockchain?" Next, please follow the editor to study!

Block chain is a mode to realize and manage transaction by building unforgeable, tamper-proof and traceable block chain structure data through transparent and credible rules in peer-to-peer network environment.

The source of the technical principle of blockchain can be summarized as a mathematical problem: the general problem of Byzantium extends to the life of the Internet, and its connotation can be summarized as follows: in the context of the Internet, when people need to exchange values with unfamiliar opponents, how can they avoid being deceived and confused by malicious saboteurs? The general problem of Byzantium is further extended to the technical field, and its connotation can be summarized as follows: in the absence of trusted central nodes and trusted channels, how should all nodes distributed in the network reach a consensus? block chain technology solves the well-known Byzantine common problem-it provides a way to create a consensus network without trusting a single node.

What is a blockchain?

"blockchain" technology was originally a special database technology, designed by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto for bitcoin http://www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html(, a digital cash). It is based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm in cryptography to realize the design of distributed P2P system. But the role of blockchain is not limited to bitcoin. Now, when people use the word "blockchain", sometimes it refers to the data structure, sometimes it refers to the database, sometimes it refers to database technology, but whatever its meaning, it has nothing to do with Bitcoin.

From the point of view of data, blockchain is a kind of distributed database (or distributed shared ledger), in which "distributed" is not only reflected in the distributed storage of data. it is also reflected in the distributed records of data (that is, jointly maintained by system participants). In short, the blockchain enables distributed recording of global data information (which can be collectively recorded by system participants rather than centrally recorded by a central organization) and distributed storage (which can be stored in all nodes participating in recording data). Rather than centrally stored in a central organization node).

From an effect point of view, a blockchain can generate a set of temporal, tamper-proof, and trusted databases. This group of databases is non-centralized storage, and the data security can be effectively guaranteed.

Core technology of block chain

1. Block + chain

The block structure has two very important characteristics: first, the transaction recorded on each block is the value exchange activity that takes place after the previous block is formed and before the block is created, which ensures the integrity of the database. Second, in most cases, once a new block is added to the end of the block chain after completion, the data record of that block can no longer be changed or deleted. This feature ensures that the database is strict, that is, it cannot be tampered with.

The structure of the "blockchain" provides us with a complete history of the database. From the first block to the newly generated block, all the historical data of the system is stored in the block chain. The blockchain provides us with the ability to search for each data in the database. Each transaction data of the blockchain can be traced back to its source through the structure of the blockchain and verified one by one. Blockchain = timestamp, which is the biggest innovation of blockchain database. The blockchain database allows the recorder of the entire network to record with a timestamp on each data block, indicating that the information is written at this time, thus forming a database that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Second, distributed structure

According to the open source and decentralized protocols determined by the system, blockchain constructs a distributed structure system, which transmits the value exchange information to the whole network through distributed transmission, and determines the content of information data through distributed accounting. Block data is generated after timestamp, and then transmitted to each node through distributed transmission to achieve distributed storage.

1. On the question of how to enable all nodes to participate in recording, the method of block chain is to construct a set of protocol mechanism, so that each node in the whole network can verify the correctness of other nodes' recording results when participating in the recording. Only when most nodes (or even all nodes) of the whole network think that the record is correct at the same time, or when all the nodes participating in the record unanimously pass the comparison results, the authenticity of the record can be recognized by the whole network. And the recorded data can be written to the block.

two。 As for how to store the strict database of the "blockchain" group, the method of the blockchain is to build a distributed network system in which all the data in the database is updated in real time and stored in all the network nodes participating in the record. In this way, even if some nodes are destroyed or attacked by hackers, the data records and information updates of the entire database will not be affected.

Third, asymmetric encryption algorithm

What is asymmetric encryption? In short, it allows us to use two passwords in "encryption" and "decryption" respectively. The two passwords are asymmetrical: (1) the password used in encryption (called "public key" in the block chain) is visible to the whole network, and everyone can encrypt a message (the authenticity of the information) with their own public key; (2) the decryption password (called "private key" in the block chain) is known only to the owner of the information, and only the person with the corresponding private key can decrypt the encrypted information (information security).

From the perspective of trust, blockchain is actually the product of solving trust problems by mathematical methods in the past. People may rely on the "fellow villagers" in the acquaintance society, the "comrades" in the party and the masses and the "Alipay" in the traditional Internet trading platform to solve the trust problem. However, in blockchain technology, all rules are expressed in advance in the form of algorithmic programs. People do not need to know whether the counterparty is a "gentleman" or a "villain", nor do they need to turn to a central third-party agency to approve the transaction. Instead, they only need to trust mathematical algorithms to build mutual trust. Behind the blockchain technology, the algorithm is essentially to create credit and reach a consensus for people.

IV. Script

A script can be understood as a programmable smart contract if the blockchain technology is only used to adapt to specific transactions, then there is no need to embed the script, and the system can directly define the conditions needed to complete the value exchange activity. However, in a decentralized environment, all agreements need to be agreed upon in advance, so the introduction of scripts is indispensable. With the help of scripts, blockchain technology will provide the system with the opportunity to deal with some unforeseen transaction patterns, ensure that the technology will not become obsolete in future applications, and improve the practicability of the technology.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, then reading and writing to the database can be regarded as bookkeeping. The principle of blockchain technology is to find the fastest and best bookkeeper over a period of time. This person will keep the account and then send this page of the account book to others in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so the blockchain technique is also called distributed ledger.

At this point, the study of "what is the technical principle of blockchain" is over. I hope to be able to solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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