Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Editor to share with you the example analysis of APACHE+SendMail+OpenWebMail integration in RedHatLinux AS3, I believe that most people do not know much about it, so share this article for your reference, I hope you can learn a lot after reading this article, let's go to know it!

Note:

1. Openwebmail is a webmail program, unlike Microsoft's owa and imail web, it does not include server-side services (in this case, the mail server is sendmail); therefore, you need to install Apache and Sendmail on the machine running Openwebmail.

2. Openwebmail most programs are written in Perl statements, so Perl and Perl related packages must be installed

3. Download the required software packages: the following packages are required to install openwebmail in RedHatLinux AS3

> 1. Perl-CGI-2.81-88.4.i386.rpm

Http://www.openwebmail.com/openwebmail/download/redhat/rpm/packages/rhel3/perl-CGI-2.81-88.4.i386.rpm

> > 2.

Perl-Compress-Zlib-1.21-RH9.i386.rpm

Http://www.openwebmail.com/openwebmail/download/redhat/rpm/packages/rhel3/perl-Compress-Zlib-1.21-RH9.i386.rpm

> > 3.

Perl-Text-Iconv-1.2-RH80.i386.rpm

Http://www.openwebmail.com/openwebmail/download/redhat/rpm/packages/rhel3/perl-Text-Iconv-1.2-RH80.i386.rpm

> > 4.

Perl-suidperl-5.8.0-88.i386.rpm

Http://www.openwebmail.com/openwebmail/download/redhat/rpm/packages/rhel3/perl-suidperl-5.8.0-88.i386.rpm

> > 5.

Openwebmail-2.41-20041126.i386.rpm

Http://www.openwebmail.com/openwebmail/download/redhat/rpm/daily-build/openwebmail-2.41-20041126.i386.rpm

Here's how to install the configuration:

Step 1: install the download package

[root@AS3 software] # rpm-ivh

Perl-CGI-2.81-88.4.i386.rpm

[root@AS3 software] # rpm-ivh

Perl-Compress-Zlib-1.21-RH9.i386.rpm

[root@AS3 software] # rpm-ivh

Perl-Text-Iconv-1.2-RH80.i386.rpm

[root@AS3 software] # rpm-ivh

Perl-suidperl-5.8.0-88.i386.rpm

Step 2: initialize openwebmail

[root@AS3 software] # cd / var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail

[root@AS3 openwebmail] # ls-l

Total 1192

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root mail 4096 Nov 27 14:44 auth

Drwxr-xr-x 12 root mail 4096 Nov 27 21:17 etc

Drwxr-xr-x 6 root mail 4096 Nov 27 14:44 misc

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root mail 4096 Nov 27 14:44 modules

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 260341 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-abook.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 23817 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-advsearch.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 114322 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-cal.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 23855 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-folder.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 68418 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-main.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 34984 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 139830 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-prefs.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 66851 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-read.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 110724 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-send.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 24813 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-spell.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 52749 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-tool.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 48796 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-vdomain.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 18457 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-viewatt.pl

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root mail 112975 Nov 26 12:16 openwebmail-webdisk.pl

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mail 4859 Aug 12 13:06 preload.pl

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root mail 4096 Nov 27 14:44 quota

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root mail 4096 Nov 27 14:44 shares

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mail 4117 Sep 4 15:04 userstat.pl

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mail 19305 Nov 16 22:42 vacation.pl

[root@AS3 openwebmail] #. / openwebmail-tool.pl-- init / / this step is critical and the following prompt will appear: change the following 3 options in openwebmail.conf from dbm_ext .db dbmopen_ext none dbmopen_haslock no to dbm_ext .db dbmopen_ext% dbm_ext% dbmopen_haslock no enter enter key to ignore the prompt and continue to configure / / enter the etc directory under openwebmail for relevant configuration. You need to modify the following

1./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail / etc/openwebmail.conf

2./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/etc/defaults/openwebmail.conf

3./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/etc/defaults/dbm.conf

The modified file is

> > 1./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/etc/openwebmail.conf [only need to modify 1 domainnames supermaster.com / / default is auto]. The complete content is as follows:

#

# Open WebMail configuration file

#

# This file contains just the overrides from defaults/openwebmail.conf

# please make all changes to this file.

#

# This file sets options for all domains and all users.

# To set options on per domain basis, please put them in sites.conf/domainname

# To set options on per user basis, please put them in users.conf/username

#

Releasedate 20041126

Domainnames supermaster.com / / defaults to auto

Auth_module auth_unix.pl

Mailspooldir / var/spool/mail

Ow_cgidir / var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail

Ow_cgiurl / cgi-bin/openwebmail

Ow_htmldir / var/www/data/openwebmail

Ow_htmlurl / data/openwebmail

Logfile / var/log/openwebmail.log

# To SysAdmin

# Please install ClamAV RPM package from http://clamav.net/ in order to

# enable viruscheck with Open WebMail. Otherwise set it to no.

# See http://openwebmail.org/openwebma... Howto/virus/ClamAV/

# for a step-by-step instruction.

Enable_viruscheck yes

Viruscheck_pipe / usr/bin/clamdscan-- mbox-- disable-summary-- stdout-

Viruscheck_source_allowed all

Enable_spamcheck no

Enable_learnspam no

% name%

Version% version%

% help_text%?

Logo_url ow_htmlurl%/images/openwebmail.gif

Logo_link http://openwebmail.org

Help_url @ HELP_URL@@@

Help_text @ HELP_TEXT@@@

Spellcheck / usr/bin/aspell-a-S-w "-"-d @ DICTIONARY@@@-p @ PDICNAME@@@

Spellcheck_pdicname .aspell. @ DICTIONARY@@@.pws

Spellcheck_dictionaries english, american

Auto_createrc yes

#

# Buttons:

# EditFroms | EditStationary | POP3Setup | ChangePassword | History | Info

Enable_editfrombook yes

Enable_stationery yes

Enable_pop3 yes

Enable_changepwd yes

Enable_history yes

Enable_about yes

#

# Personal Information

Default_language en

Default_timeoffset auto

Default_daylightsaving auto

Default_realname auto

Default_fromemails auto

Default_autoreplysubject This is an autoreply... [Re: $SUBJECT]

Hello

I will not be reading my mail for a while.

Your mail regarding'$SUBJECT' will be read when I return.

--

Open WebMail Project (http://openwebmail.org)

#

# Display Preference

Default_style Default

Default_iconset Cool3D.English

Default_bgurl ow_htmlurl%/images/backgrounds/Globe.gif

Default_bgrepeat yes

Default_fontsize 10pt

Default_dateformat mm/dd/yyyy

Default_hourformat 12

#

# Folder Browsing

Default_ctrlposition_folderview bottom

Default_msgsperpage 20

Default_fieldorder date from subject size

Default_sort date

Default_useminisearchicon yes

#

# Message Operation

Default_confirmmsgmovecopy no

Default_defaultdestination saved-messages

Default_smartdestination yes

Default_viewnextaftermsgmovecopy yes

Default_autopop3 yes

Default_autopop3wait 0

Default_bgfilterwait 10

Default_moveoldmsgfrominbox no

#

# Message Reading Options

Default_ctrlposition_msgread bottom

Default_headers simple

Default_usefixedfont no

Default_usesmileicon no

Default_showhtmlastext yes

Default_showimgaslink yes

Default_disablejs yes

Default_disableembcode yes

Default_disableemblink cgionly

Default_sendreceipt ask

#

# Message Replying Options

Default_msgformat text

Default_editcolumns 88

Default_editrows 28

Default_sendbuttonposition before

Default_reparagraphorigmsg yes

Default_replywithorigmsg at_beginning

Default_backupsentmsg yes

Default_sendcharset sameascomposing

#

# Virus Check

Default_viruscheck_source all

Default_viruscheck_maxsize 10000

Default_viruscheck_minbodysize 1

#

# Message Filtering Options

Default_filter_repeatlimit 10

Default_filter_badaddrformat no

Default_filter_fakedsmtp no

Default_filter_fakedfrom no

Default_filter_fakedexecontenttype no

#

# AddressBook Options

Default_abook_width 600

Default_abook_height max

Default_abook_buttonposition after

Default_abook_defaultfilter no

Default_abook_defaultsearchtype name

Default_abook_addrperpage 24

Default_abook_collapse 1

Default_abook_sort fullname

Default_abook_listviewfieldorder fullname, email, note

#

# Calendar Options

Default_calendar_defaultview calmonth

Default_calendar_holidaydef auto

Default_calendar_monthviewnumitems 5

Default_calendar_weekstart 0

Default_calendar_starthour 0600

Default_calendar_endhour 2300

Default_calendar_interval 30

Default_calendar_showemptyhours yes

Default_calendar_reminderdays 7

Default_calendar_reminderforglobal yes

#

# WebDisk Options

Default_webdisk_dirnumitems 10

Default_webdisk_confirmmovecopy yes

Default_webdisk_confirmdel yes

Default_webdisk_confirmcompress yes

Default_webdisk_fileeditcolumns 96

Default_webdisk_fileeditrows 24

#

# Misc Options

Default_uselightbar yes

Default_regexmatch yes

Default_hideinternal yes

Default_newmailsound NONE

Default_newmailwindowtime 3

Default_mailsentwindowtime 0

Default_dictionary english

Default_trashreserveddays 0

Default_spamvirusreserveddays 3

Default_refreshinterval 5

Default_sessiontimeout 24

#

# Security Settings

Webdisk_rootpath / webdisk

Webdisk_lsmailfolder no

Webdisk_lshidden no

Webdisk_lsunixspec no

Webdisk_lssymlink yes

Webdisk_allow_symlinkout yes

Webdisk_symlinkout_display @

Enable_sshterm no

# ps: To completely disable the SSH terminal support, you have to remove

# the file data/openwebmail/applet/mindterm/mindtermfull.jar

#

# Quota System (limit in KB and threshold in%)

# 1 MB = 1024 KB

# 10 MB = 10240 KB

# 100 MB = 102400 KB

# 1 GB = 1024 MB = 1048576 KB

# uncomment following lines if you wish to enable Quota System for 10 Mb

# quota_module quota_du.pl

# spool_limit 10240

# quota_limit 10240

# quota_threshold 0

# delmail_ifquotahit no

# delfile_ifquotahit no

> > 2./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/etc/defaults/openwebmail.conf [you only need to change smtpserver and authpop3_server to the corresponding IP in 2 places]. The complete content is as follows:

#

# Open WebMail configuration file DEFAULT

#

# This is openwebmail.conf.default-a file full of useful variables that

# you can set for the openwebmail system. You should not edit this file!

# Put any overrides into openwebmail.conf instead. The openwebmail.conf

# should only contain values which override values set in this file.

# This eases the upgrade when defaults are changed or new features are added.

#

# Please refer to openwebmail.conf.help for description of each option

#

# ps: This file will be loaded only once if Open WebMail is running in

# persistent mode. To force Open WebMail reread this file, please do

#

# touch openwebmail*pl

#

Name Open WebMail

Version 2.41

Releasedate 20041126

#

# host dependent configuration

#

Domainnames auto

Smtpserver 192.168.0.111

Smtpport 25

Smtpauth no

Virtusertable / etc/mail/virtusertable

Auth_module auth_unix.pl

Auth_withdomain no

Auth_domain auto

Quota_module none

Mailspooldir / var/mail

Use_hashedmailspools no

Use_syshomedir yes

Create_syshomedir no

Use_homedirspools no

Homedirspoolname Mailbox

Homedirfolderdirname mail

Homedirdotdirname .openwebmail

Use_syshomedir_for_dotdir yes

Deliver_use_GMT no

#

# openwebmail system configuration

#

Ow_cgidir / usr/local/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail

Ow_cgiurl / cgi-bin/openwebmail

Ow_htmldir / usr/local/www/data/openwebmail

Ow_htmlurl / openwebmail

Ow_etcdir ow_cgidir%/etc

Ow_stylesdir ow_etcdir%/styles

Ow_langdir ow_etcdir%/lang

Ow_templatesdir ow_etcdir%/templates

Ow_holidaysdir ow_etcdir%/holidays

Ow_mapsdir ow_etcdir%/maps

Ow_sitesconfdir ow_etcdir%/sites.conf

Ow_usersconfdir ow_etcdir%/users.conf

Ow_usersdir ow_etcdir%/users

Ow_sessionsdir ow_etcdir%/sessions

Start_url ow_cgiurl%/openwebmail.pl

Ico_url ow_htmlurl%/images/openwebmail.ico

Logo_url ow_htmlurl%/images/openwebmail.gif

Logo_link http://openwebmail.org/

Help_url @ HELP_URL@@@

Help_text @ HELP_TEXT@@@

Logfile / var/log/openwebmail.log

Global_addressbook ow_etcdir%/address.book

Global_filterbook ow_etcdir%/filter.book

Global_calendarbook ow_etcdir%/calendar.book

G2b_map ow_mapsdir%/g2b.map

B2g_map ow_mapsdir%/b2g.map

Lunar_map ow_mapsdir%/lunar.map

Header_pluginfile none

Header_pluginfile_charset none

Footer_pluginfile none

Footer_pluginfile_charset none

Webmail_middle_pluginfile none

Webmail_middle_pluginfile_charset none

Spellcheck / usr/local/bin/ispell-a-S-w "-"-d @ DICTIONARY@@@-p @ PDICNAME@@@

Spellcheck_pdicname .ispell _ words

Spellcheck_dictionaries english, american

Vacationinit% ow_cgidir%/vacation.pl-I

Vacationpipe% ow_cgidir%/vacation.pl-t60s

Error_with_debuginfo no

Allowed_serverdomain all

Allowed_clientdomain all

Allowed_clientip all

Allowed_receiverdomain all

Allowed_autologinip all

Allowed_rootloginip none

Case_insensitive_login no

Forced_ssl_login no

Stay_ssl_afterlogin yes

Enable_domainselectmenu no

Domainselmenu_list auto

Enable_strictvirtuser no

Enable_changepwd yes

Enable_strictpwd yes

Passwd_minlen 6

Session_multilogin yes

Session_checkcookie yes

Session_checksameip no

Session_count_display yes

Cache_userinfo yes

Auto_createrc no

Domainnames_override no

Symboliclink_mbox yes

Enable_webmail yes

Enable_userfolders yes

Enable_spellcheck yes

Enable_advsearch yes

Enable_addressbook yes

Enable_calendar yes

Enable_webdisk yes

Enable_sshterm yes

Enable_vdomain no

Enable_preference yes

Enable_history yes

Enable_about yes

About_info_software yes

About_info_scriptfilename no

About_info_protocol yes

About_info_server yes

About_info_client yes

X-Mailer:% name%% version%% releasedate%

X-OriginatingIP: @ CLIENTIP@@@ (@ USERID@@@)

Enable_loadfrombook yes

Enable_editfrombook yes

Frombook_for_realname_only no

Enable_autoreply yes

Enable_setforward yes

Enable_strictforward no

Enable_stationery yes

Enable_savedraft yes

Enable_backupsent yes

Enable_globalfilter yes

Enable_userfilter yes

Enable_smartfilter yes

Smartfilter_bypass_goodmessage yes

Log_filter_detail no

Enable_viruscheck no

Viruscheck_pipe / usr/local/bin/clamdscan-disable-summary-stdout-

Viruscheck_source_allowed pop3

Viruscheck_maxsize_allowed 50000

Virus_destination virus-mail

Has_virusfolder_by_default yes

Enable_spamcheck no

Spamcheck_pipe / usr/local/bin/spamc-c-x-t60-u @ USERNAME@@@

Spamcheck_source_allowed pop3

Spamcheck_maxsize_allowed 1000

Spam_destination spam-mail

Has_spamfolder_by_default yes

Enable_learnspam no

Learnspam_pipe / usr/local/bin/sa-learn-- spam

Learnham_pipe / usr/local/bin/sa-learn-- ham

Learnspam_destination spam-mail

Learnham_destination INBOX

Enable_pop3 yes

Pop3_disallowed_servers your_server, your_server.domain

Pop3_delmail_by_default yes

Pop3_delmail_hidden no

Pop3_usessl_by_default no

Authpop3_server 192.168.0.111

Authpop3_port 110

Authpop3_getmail no

Authpop3_delmail yes

Authpop3_usessl no

Loginerrordelay 10

Fetchpop3interval 15

Calendar_email_notifyinterval 120

Enable_strictfoldername no

Foldername_maxlen 32

Maxbooksize 32

Attlimit 50000

Abook_maxsizeallbooks 100

Abook_globaleditable yes

Abook_importlimit 250

Abook_attlimit 25

Webdisk_rootpath /

Webdisk_readonly no

Webdisk_uploadlimit 50000

Webdisk_lsmailfolder yes

Webdisk_lshidden yes

Webdisk_lsunixspec yes

Webdisk_lssymlink yes

Webdisk_allow_symlinkcreate yes

Webdisk_allow_symlinkout yes

Webdisk_symlinkout_display path

Webdisk_allow_thumbnail yes

Webdisk_allow_untar yes

Webdisk_allow_unzip yes

Webdisk_allow_unrar yes

Webdisk_allow_unarj yes

Webdisk_allow_unlzh yes

Spool_limit 0

Quota_limit 0

Quota_threshold 75

Delmail_ifquotahit no

Delfile_ifquotahit no

Vdomain_admlist sysadm

Vdomain_maxuser 100

Vdomain_maxalias 100

Vdomain_vmpop3_pwdpath / etc/virtual

Vdomain_vmpop3_pwdname passwd

Vdomain_vmpop3_mailpath / var/spool/virtual

Vdomain_postfix_aliases / etc/postfix/aliases

Vdomain_postfix_virtual / etc/postfix/virtual

Vdomain_postfix_postalias / usr/sbin/postalias

Vdomain_postfix_postmap / usr/sbin/postmap

Vdomain_mailbox_command none

Localusers none

% name%

Version% version%

% help_text%?

#

# default setting for new user's preference

#

Default_language auto

Default_charset auto

Default_timeoffset auto

Default_daylightsaving auto

Default_realname auto

Default_fromemails auto

Default_autoreplysubject This is an autoreply... [Re: $SUBJECT]

Hello

I will not be reading my mail for a while.

Your mail regarding'$SUBJECT' will be read when I return.

--

Open WebMail Project (http://openwebmail.org)

Default_style Default

Default_iconset Default

Default_bgurl ow_htmlurl%/images/backgrounds/Globe.gif

Default_bgrepeat yes

Default_fontsize 10pt

Default_dateformat mm/dd/yyyy

Default_hourformat 12

Default_ctrlposition_folderview top

Default_msgsperpage 10

Default_fieldorder date from subject size

Default_sort date

Default_useminisearchicon yes

Default_confirmmsgmovecopy yes

Default_defaultdestination saved-messages

Default_smartdestination yes

Default_viewnextaftermsgmovecopy yes

Default_autopop3 yes

Default_autopop3wait 0

Default_bgfilterwait 10

Default_moveoldmsgfrominbox no

Forced_moveoldmsgfrominbox no

Default_ctrlposition_msgread top

Default_headers simple

Default_showhtmlastext no

Default_showimgaslink no

Default_usefixedfont no

Default_usesmileicon yes

Default_disablejs yes

Default_disableembcode yes

Default_disableemblink cgionly

Default_sendreceipt ask

Default_msgformat auto

Default_editcolumns 78

Default_editrows 24

Default_sendbuttonposition before

Default_reparagraphorigmsg yes

Default_replywithorigmsg at_beginning

Default_backupsentmsg yes

Default_sendcharset sameascomposing

Default_fscharset none

Default_uselightbar yes

Default_regexmatch yes

Default_hideinternal yes

Default_refreshinterval 20

Min_refreshinterval 3

Default_newmailsound YouGotMail.English.wav

Default_newmailwindowtime 7

Default_mailsentwindowtime 5

Default_dictionary english

Default_trashreserveddays 7

Default_spamvirusreserveddays 3

Default_sessiontimeout 60

Default_viruscheck_source pop3

Default_viruscheck_maxsize 10000

Default_viruscheck_minbodysize 1

Default_spamcheck_source pop3

Default_spamcheck_maxsize 250

Default_spamcheck_threshold 10

Default_filter_repeatlimit 10

Default_filter_badaddrformat no

Default_filter_fakedsmtp no

Default_filter_fakedfrom no

Default_filter_fakedexecontenttype no

Default_abook_width 600

Default_abook_height 400

Default_abook_buttonposition after

Default_abook_defaultfilter no

Default_abook_defaultsearchtype none

Default_abook_defaultkeyword none

Default_abook_addrperpage 10

Default_abook_collapse 1

Default_abook_sort fullname

Default_abook_listviewfieldorder fullname,email,phone,note

Default_calendar_defaultview calmonth

Default_calendar_holidaydef auto

Default_calendar_monthviewnumitems 5

Default_calendar_weekstart 0

Default_calendar_starthour 0800

Default_calendar_endhour 1700

Default_calendar_interval 30

Default_calendar_showemptyhours yes

Default_calendar_reminderdays 7

Default_calendar_reminderforglobal yes

Default_webdisk_dirnumitems 10

Default_webdisk_confirmmovecopy yes

Default_webdisk_confirmdel yes

Default_webdisk_confirmcompress yes

Default_webdisk_fileeditcolumns 96

Default_webdisk_fileeditrows 24

> > 3./var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/etc/defaults/dbm.conf [only 3 modifications are needed]. The complete content is as follows:

#

# config file for dbm.pl

#

# dbm_ext

#-

# This is the extension name for the dbm file on your system

#

# ps: You can run 'perl openwebmail/misc/test/dbmtest.pl' to get value for this

# dbmopen_ext

#-

# This is the db extension passed to the dbmopen () call.

# It should be set to 'none' in most case. You need to set it to dbm_ext%

# only if you use any DB File module in script explicitly

#

# ps: It is said this option needs to be set to'% dbm_ext%' on the Sun

# Cobal server or Slackware 8.x.

# You can run 'perl openwebmail/misc/test/dbmtest.pl' to get value for this

# dbmopen_haslock

#-

# If your perl dbm system will do filelock in dbmopen () by itself

# set this option to 'yes' so openwebmail won't do unnecessary filelock

# before dbmopen. On most systems, this option should be set to 'no'.

#

# ps: If your openwebmail hangs after login or saving preference

# you probablely need to set this option to'y, es'

Dbm_ext .db

Dbmopen_ext .db

Dbmopen_haslock yes

Smtpserver 192.168.0.111 / add the IP address of the SMTP server

Ok, after the above file has been modified, run. / openwebmail-tool.pl-init to execute the initialization script

[root@AS3 openwebmail] #. / openwebmail-tool.pl-init

The configuration of openwebmail is complete.

Step 3. Modify the configuration file (httpd.conf) of APACHE

[root@AS3 openwebmail] # vi / etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

/ / add the following statement

# = the start===

ScriptAlias / openwebmail "/ var/www/cgi-bin/openwebmail/openwebmail.pl"

AllowOverride None

Options ExecCGI-Indexes

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

Alias / data "/ var/www/data"

# = the end====

[root@AS3 openwebmail] # service httpd restart / / restart apache

Now that all the work is done, create new users to test it.

Step 4. Conduct an OWM test

The above is all the content of the article "sample Analysis of APACHE+SendMail+OpenWebMail Integration in RedHatLinux AS3". Thank you for reading! I believe we all have a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help you, if you want to learn more knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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