Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Basic concept

LAMP:Linux-Apache-Mysql-Php

Stable, synchronous, good customer experience, high resource utilization rate-small number of visits

LNMP: Linux-Nginx-Mysql-Php

Asynchronous processing, load balancing, large amount of concurrent visits, high utilization-- the number of visits increases gradually.

LNMPA: Linux-Apache-Nginx-Mysql-Php-

The front-end niginx and the back-end apache-- have large traffic and stable operation

Nginx: lightweight asynchronous Web server / reverse server proxy and IMCP/POP3 proxy server.

The way Nginx handles connections is similar to the simulation of apache. Nginx generates multiple child processes worker through the main process master, and then each worker generates many threads, which handle specific requirements. Because of asynchronous processing, the speed is very fast!

The performance of Nginx is compared with that of apache and lighttp, as shown below:

System requirement

System version with unix as kernel: Centos/RHEL/Fedora/Debian/Ubuntu

Hard disk space above 3GB is required

MySQL 5.6and MaiiaDB 10 must have more than 1G of memory

SElinux must be turned off

Strictly case-sensitive under Linux, you should pay attention to entering commands

The normal use of Yum source is required.

Installation steps

1. Download and install the LNMP one-click installation package:

# tar-xvf lnmp1.2-full.tar.gz

# cd lnmp1.2-full

#. / install.sh lnmp | lamp | lnmpa

If you want to uninstall if the installation fails, execute. / uninstall to uninstall

Use the network yum source to install the LNMP command with one click

Install LNMP execution: wget-c http://soft.vpser.net/lnmp/lnmp1.2-full.tar.gz & & tar xvf lnmp1.2-full.tar.gz & & cd lnmp1.2-full &. / install.shlnmp

If you need to install LNMPA or LAMP, replace the parameter after. / install.sh with lnmpa or lamp.

After the above command is executed, the following prompt appears:

You need to set the root password for MySQL (if you do not enter directly, enter will be set to root). Enter and enter to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

Here, you need to confirm whether MySQL InnoDB is enabled. If you are not sure whether it is enabled, you can enter y, y for enabling, and n for not enabling. The default is y. Enter and enter to proceed to the next step, and select the MySQL version:

Enter the serial number of the MySQL or MariaDB version, enter to proceed to the next step, and select the PHP version:

Enter the serial number of the PHP version, enter to proceed to the next step, and choose whether to install memory optimization:

You can choose not to install, Jemalloc or TCmalloc, enter the corresponding serial number to enter.

After prompting "Press any keyto install...or Press Ctrl+c to cancel", press enter to confirm the start of installation.

The LNMP script automatically installs and compiles Nginx, MySQL, PHP, phpMyAdmin, and ZendOptimizer software.

3. Installation completed

If Nginx: OK,MySQL: OK,PHP: OK is displayed

And Nginx, MySQL, PHP all exist on running,80 and 3306 ports, and Install lnmp v1.2 completes the existing it. If so, it means that the installation has been successful.

4. Installation failed

If the prompt similar to the above figure appears, it indicates that the installation failed, indicating that the installation was not successful!

Related software installation directory

Nginx home directory: / usr/local/nginx

Nginx log directory: / home/wwwlogs

Mysql: / usr/local/mysql

Mysql database: / usr/local/mysql/var/

PHP: / usr/local/php

PHPMyadmin: / home/wwwroot/default/phpmyadmin

Default website directory: / home/wwwroot/default/

Status management command

LNMP status Management: lnmp {start | stop | reload | restart | kill | status}

State management of LNMP programs: lnmp {nginx | mysql | mariadb | php-fpm | pureftpd} {start | stop | reload | restart | kill | status}

LNMP profile

1. Configuration file directory

Niginx main configuration file directory / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

Mysql profile directory / etc/my.cnf

PHP profile directory / usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

Php-fpm configuration directory / usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

2. Detailed explanation of configuration

# vi / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

User www www

# the program runs users and groups

Worker_processes auto

# start processes and specify the number of worker processes started by nginx. It is recommended to specify according to the number of cpu, which is generally equal to the number of cpu

Error_log / home/wwwlogs/nginx_error.log crit

# Global error Log

Pid / usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

# main process PID saves files

# Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by thisprocess.

Worker_rlimit_nofile 51200

# number of file descriptors

Events

{

Use epoll

# use epoll model. For kernels above 2.6, it is recommended to use epoll model to improve performance

Worker_connections 51200

# the maximum number of connections to a worker process should be adjusted according to the hardware and used in conjunction with the previous work process to be as large as possible, but do not run the cpu to 100%. The maximum number of connections allowed by each process is theoretically worker_processes*worker_connections, depending on the hardware and bandwidth of the server.

Multi_accept on

}

Http

# overall environment configuration-website configuration

{

Include mime.types

Default_type application/octet-stream

# set mime type, file transfer type mime.type file definition

Server_names_hash_bucket_size 128

# Save the hash table size of the server name

Client_header_buffer_size32k

# size of header buffer requested by client

Large_client_header_buffers 4 32k

# maximum client head buffer size

Client_max_body_size 50m

# maximum file size uploaded by the client (M)

Sendfile on

The # sendfile instruction specifies whether nginx calls the sendfile function (zero copy mode) to output the text. For ordinary applications, it must be set to on. If it is used for downloading and other application disk IO heavy-load applications, it can be set to off to balance the processing speed of disk and network Imando O and reduce the uptime of the system.

Tcp_nopush on

This is the default, the result is that the packet will not be sent immediately, and when the packet is maximum, it will be transmitted at once, which will help to solve the network congestion. (valid only on sendfile on)

Keepalive_timeout 60

# connection timeout

Tcp_nodelay on

# disable the nagle algorithm, that is, do not cache data. Effectively solve network congestion

Fastcgi_connect_timeout 300

Fastcgi_send_timeout 300

Fastcgi_read_timeout 300

Fastcgi_buffer_size 64k

Fastcgi_buffers 4 64k

Fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k

Fastcgi_temp_file_write_size256k

# fastcgi Settings

Gzip on

Gzip_min_length 1k

Gzip_buffers 4 16k

Gzip_http_version1.1

Gzip_comp_level2

Gzip_types text/plain application/javascript

Application/x-javascripttext/javascript text/css application/xml application/xml+rss

Gzip_varyon

Gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth

Gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."

# limit_conn_zone$binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m

# # Ifenable limit_conn_zone,add "limit_conn perip 10;" to server section.

Server_tokens off

# hide the nginx version number (curl-I 192.168.4.154 can be viewed, which is more secure

# log format

Log_format access'$remote_addr-$remote_user [$time_local]

"$request"'

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'

# define log format

Server

{

Listen 80 default_server

# listen [::]: 80 default_server ipv6only=on

# listen on port 80. The listening settings of WEB service can be in the form of "IP address: Port".

Server_name www.lnmp.org

# server name, which can be written to multiple domain names separated by spaces

Index index.html index.htm index.php

# default web page file

Root/ home/wwwroot/default

# webpage home directory

# error_page 404 / 404.html

Includeenable-php.conf

Location / nginx_status

{

Stub_status on

Access_log off

}

# enable status status monitoring

Location ~. *\. (gif | jpg | jpeg | png | bmp | swf) $

{

Expires 30d

}

# static file processing with a retention period of 30 days

Location. *\. (js | css)? $

{

Expires 12h

}

# js and css file processing with a retention period of 12 hours

Location ~ /\.

{

Deny all

}

Access_log / home/wwwlogs/access.log access

# access the log correctly

}

Includevhost/*.conf

# Sub-configuration files take effect under vhost/

}

Check for nginx profile statement errors

/ usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t

Smooth restart of the nginx process

1) pkill-HUP nginx

2) / usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-s reload

7. Configuration experiment

1.nginx status monitoring

Location / nginx_status {

Stub_status on

Access_log off

}

# client access URL: http://IP/nginx_status

Note: "Active connections" indicates the current number of active connections

"server accepts handled requests" indicates the connection information that has been processed

The three numbers in turn represent the number of connections processed, the number of successful TCP handshakes, and the number of requests processed

Experimental results

2.nginx virtual host

When using Nginx to build a virtual host server, each virtual WEB site has an independent "server {}" configuration segment, and its listening IP address and port number can be specified separately. Of course, the name of the website is also different.

-Domain name-based virtual host

1. Two sites www.benet.com and www.accp.com

192.168.1.1 www.benet.com

192.168.1.1 benet.com

192.168.1.1 www.accp.com

192.168.1.1 accp.com

Modify the hosts file under Linux and windows to resolve the domain name normally

two。 Set up the web page root directory for two virtual WEB hosts respectively, and prepare to test the home page

Mkdir-p / home/wwwroot/benet/

Mkdir-p / home/wwwroot/accp/

3. Modify nginx.conf configuration file-> set up domain name virtual host

Configure two "server {}" areas, corresponding to two WEB sites, and specify their respective site names, listening addresses, site root directories, access logs, and so on.

Add configuration information for two virtual hosts in the main configuration file (within the scope of http {})

Server {

Listen 80

Server_name www.benet.com benet.com

Charset utf-8

Access_log logs/benet.access.log

Location / {

Root/ home/wwwroot/benet

Index index.php index.html

}

}

Server {

Listen 80

Server_name www.accp.com accp.com

Charset utf-8

Access_log logs/accp.access.log

Location / {

Root/ home/wwwroot/accp

Index index.html index.php

}

}

4. Restart nginx and use a browser to access the two WEB sites through www.benet.com and www.accp.com, respectively

Check the correctness of the configuration file / usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t

Reload the configuration file pkill-1 nginx | pkill-HUP nginx

5. Test results

Note:

Errors in checking the correctness of the configuration file

A. the comments expressed in the file must have # on every line in the capital

B. be careful not to add an extra letter when modifying the configuration file

C. sometimes the position of the wrong line may not be accurate.

3. List page display

Server

{

Listen 80

Server_name www.benet.com

Index index.html index.htm index.php

Root/ home/wwwroot/benet

Autoindex on

A. comment out the benet home page file

B. Add autoindexon in the virtual machine host configuration area corresponding to the configuration file

Save and reload the configuration file pkill-1 nginx

At this point, the web page only displays the home page directory

4.rewrite (when the website domain name is updated, use the jump feature to inform the user of the change of the domain name)

Location ~\ .php$ {

Proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

}

Example 1: domain name jump

Enter www.benet.com and jump to www.accp.com

Server {

Listen 80

Server_name www.benet.com benet.com

Charset utf-8

Access_log logs/benet.access.log access

Location / {

Root/ home/wwwroot/benet

Index index.php index.html

}

If ($http_host = www.benet.com) {

# determine whether the header of the domain name of the website is www.benet.com. If so, perform the following jump

# this sentence is a judgment statement, but it is not an if statement in shell, so the ending does not use a fi ending

Rewrite (. *) http://www.accp.com permanent

}

}

Note: the position where this statement is added, inside the server, outside the location

Refresh configuration file test normal jump

Example 2: file jump

Server {

Listen 80

Server_name www.accp.com accp.com

Charset utf-8

Access_log logs/benet.access.log access

Location / {

Root/ home/wwwroot/accp

Index index.html index.php

}

Rewrite inde / indexa.html last

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