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Final liquidation and reclassification of SAP

Usually enterprises will formulate a sound management system of receivables and payables. ERP should be able to provide timely registration of transactions and accurately reflect the formation, recovery, payment, increase or decrease of accounts receivable and payables, and check and clean up monthly.

SAP provides strong accounts receivable management, briefly listing a few of its receivable and coping functions:

(1)。 The terms and conditions are specified in the purchase and sale contract.

Receivables can specify various terms from the beginning of the purchase and sale documents. In general, consultants tend to use the purchase / sales text (please refer to the relevant space) function to define various terms. These terms are written into the master data of the purchase order or sales order, mainly including the method of payment, payment date, transportation, packaging, delivery period and even liability for breach of contract. These terms will be printed or faxed along with the purchase order or sales document and have a legal effect. SAP provides Output Message to complete the print or fax function, which can be protected by litigation in the event of a dispute in the future.

(2)。 Reconciliation between the two parties

In a fair and competitive market environment, the entire enterprise chain should be profitable. The SAP finance module provides ladder-like communication functions, including:

a. Letter function (Correspondence)

Typical letters are notice of payment (Payment notifications), statement (Account statements),

Balance confirmation (Balance confirmations) and so on, the payment notice actually includes the money that needs to be paid to others when it is due, it is easy to form a bad debt if it is too large, and it is easy to operate with high debts due to excessive debts.

B. Automatic payment (Tcode:F110)

SAP provides an automatic payment function, which can automatically find the due payment, of course, the enterprise can make certain adjustments according to its payment plan, according to foreign customs, it is necessary to pay when due, and interest is calculated for deferred receivables and payables, but according to the domestic situation, it is obvious that automatic payment is not realistic.

c. Reminder (Dunning,Tcode:F150)

Compared with ordinary letters, reminders are more formal. SAP provides multi-level reminders, and interest can even be calculated when invoking.

However, the reminder also includes the reminder of the enterprise's accounts payable (self-reminder).

(3)。 Formulate incentive policies

SAP provides corresponding solutions for commercial discounts, cash discounts, sales rebates and other businesses.

(4)。 Evaluation and credit mechanism

SAP has the function of supplier evaluation and customer credit control.

Domestic ERP management such as prepayment, prepayment and other business processes are called write-off, while SAP calls these services checkout / settlement, which generally includes manual settlement and automatic settlement at the end of the month.

Tcode related to manual settlement:

(1). Fmur03 / FB1S: manual clearance of Gram L account unliquidated items (for general ledger accounts using unliquidated item management)

(2). Fmur44 / FB1K: manual clearing of Vendor unliquidated items (outstanding accounts payable by suppliers)

(3). Fmur32 / FB1D: manual clearing of Customer outstanding items (each customer accounts receivable outstanding items)

(4). Posting with liquidation of F-04:G/L account

(5). Posting with liquidation of F-51:Vendor

(6). Posting with liquidation of F-30:Customer

These Tcode initial screens show different types of default vouchers. You can use OBU1 settings, and you can use these Tcode to settle accounts at ordinary times.

The design of the receivable and payables module and general ledger integration in SAP is simple, as follows:

Step 1: receivables / prepayments / other receivables are set as control accounts, which are either set to supplier / customer master data or set as special general ledger marks, it is automatically brought out by entering the supplier / customer (or + special general ledger flag) directly at the time of accounting. The traditional domestic practice is to enter receivables / prepayments / other receivables and other accounts payable when keeping accounts and then take suppliers / customers as auxiliary accounting fields.

Obviously, SAP is unlikely to have a business scenario in which accounts receivable and GL do not match.

Step 2: SAP provides a set of tables to record supplier / customer cleared items (Cleared Items) and uncleared items (Open Items), typical Table: BSIS/BSAS | BSIK/BSAK | BSID/BSAD.

Usually, you can actually use Fmur44 or Fmur32 to settle accounts in time, such as a supplier's advance to settle a certain payment, instead of waiting for the end of the month to do it. In the relevant chapters of this book, it has been demonstrated why there is no purchase order number + profit center in the outstanding items of SAP accounts payable. In fact, a supplier's advance payment may be the outstanding items payable for a purchase order. At this time, SAP does not provide a default solution, because SAP supplier invoices may be checked centrally according to multiple purchase orders, which may purchase materials from multiple profit centers. The summary payment cannot be traced to the purchase order + profit center, and in the practice of some enterprises, it may be the only one corresponding to a purchase order and profit center. In this case, if you need to strengthen the clearing function, you can consider using the voucher enhancement function of SAP to write into the purchase order and profit center.

In addition to manual accounting, SAP also provides automatic accounting.

Tcode related to automatic accounting:

(1) F.13: no liquidation currency (automatic accounting for general ledger receivables and payables and GR/IR accounts managed by unliquidated items)

(2) F13E: automatic liquidation with clearing currency

Manual / self-accounting rules

A. whether manual or automatic, the relevant subjects must set up unliquidated items management.

B. using manual clearing, Peugeot cannot select the automatic posting of the section master data "create / Bank / interest" screen.

C. automatic liquidation can be carried out for receivables and payables and other payables marked by special general ledgers.

Note: the default special general ledger marks of An and W cannot be processed automatically.

The automatic account also includes the general ledger account for the management of unliquidated items, with special emphasis on the automatic account for the GR/IR account.

D. Automatic liquidation is usually based on the same debit amount and the same items as auxiliary condition fields such as purchase order + purchase line items or allocation fields. Typically, such as GR/IR accounts, the clearing field is configurable.

E. automatic liquidation can also be processed on multiple debit items that meet the settlement conditions.

F. Automatic liquidation is suitable for the processing of bank accounts to be cleared (such as the implementation of electronic bank statements). Because of the flexibility of manual clearing, enterprises are still willing to adopt this approach in most cases. Especially when clearing accounts requires artificial professional judgment, inaccurate automatic accounts sometimes cause age analysis problems.

The following figure shows the configuration path of clearing, which includes defining the posting code, clearing rules, and additional rules for automatic clearing.

Bewilderment of automatic accounts receivable and payable

There is an one-to-one correspondence between GR/IR and purchase order + line items, that is, each line item must be able to bring purchase order and line items.

This is the design feature of SAP (in addition to purchase orders, there is no profit center).

Http://community.kingdee.com/pages/sapguru/blog/archive/2007/12/28/267802.aspx

GR/IR as an intermediate subject, the actual balance between receipt and invoice (including goods by certificate)

Currency, standard currency and additional standard currency) must be balanced. But it is not so easy to take and deal with, take coping as an example, and GR/IR

The difference is that because the logistics invoice is checked with multiple purchase orders or multiple line items for a single purchase order, it is not possible

Corresponding to purchase order + line items, receivables are the same, so it is not easy for receivables to make good use of automatic liquidation, but

How can your boss rest assured if the financial staff are lazy to do a good job of paying and collecting money while waiting for the system to do it automatically?

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