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Xiaobian to share with you which layer of the OSI reference model the gateway works in the computer, I believe most people still do not know how, so share this article for your reference, I hope you have a lot to gain after reading this article, let's go to understand it together!

Gateways operate at Layer 3 of the OSI Reference Model, the Network Layer. The purpose of the network layer is to achieve transparent data transmission between two end systems, including addressing and routing, connection establishment, maintenance and termination. It provides services that make it unnecessary for the transport layer to understand the data transmission and switching technologies in the network.

Gateways operate at the network layer of the OSI reference model.

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The network layer is the third layer in the OSI reference model, between the transport layer and the data link layer, which further manages data communication in the network on the basis of the transmission function of data frames between two adjacent endpoints provided by the data link layer, and manages the transmission of data from the source end to the destination end through several intermediate nodes, thus providing the most basic end-to-end data transmission service to the transport layer. The main contents include: Virtual Circuit Packet Switching and Datagram Packet Switching, Routing Algorithm, Congestion Control Method, X. 25 Protocol, Integrated Services Data Network (ISDN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Interconnection Principle and Implementation.

The purpose of the network layer is to achieve transparent data transmission between two end systems, including addressing and routing, connection establishment, maintenance and termination. It provides services that make it unnecessary for the transport layer to understand the data transmission and switching technologies in the network.

The network layer mainly provides services for the transport layer. In order to provide services to the transport layer, the network layer must use the services provided by the data link layer. The main function of the data link layer is to solve the communication between two directly adjacent nodes, but it is not responsible for solving the communication problem when the data passes through multiple transit nodes in the communication subnet. Therefore, in order to realize the transparent transmission of data between two end systems, the data at the source end can reach the destination end transparently through multiple transit nodes in the communication subnet by the best path, so that the transmission layer does not have to care about the topology configuration of the network and the communication medium and switching technology used. The network layer must have the following functions:

Packet-to-packet switching: Encapsulation of data messages received from the transport layer into packets (also called packets) and transmission down to the data link layer.

Routing: A routing algorithm selects the most appropriate path for a packet through a communication subnet.

Network connection multiplexing: Creating logical links for packet transmission between nodes in a communications subnet, multiplexing multiple network connections on a single data link (often using time-division multiplexing).

Error detection and recovery: Usually header checksums in packets are used for error checking, and acknowledgement and retransmission mechanisms are used for error recovery.

Service selection: The network layer can provide both datagram and virtual circuit services for the transport layer, but the network layer of the Internet only provides datagram services for the transport layer.

Network management: manages the data communication process in the network, manages the data transmission from the source end to the destination end through several intermediate nodes, and provides the most basic end-to-end data transmission service for the transport layer.

Traffic control: traffic shaping technology to achieve traffic control, to prevent excessive traffic caused by the performance of communication subnet degradation.

Congestion control: When the data flow of the network exceeds the rated capacity, it will cause network congestion, resulting in a sharp decline in network throughput. Therefore, appropriate control measures need to be adopted to conduct diversion.

Network interconnection: To connect one network to another, enabling communication between users across networks.

Fragmentation and reassembly: If the packet to be sent exceeds the allowed length of the PDU, the network layer of the source node will fragment the packet, and after the fragments reach the destination host, the network layer of the destination node will reassemble the original packet.

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