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2025-01-23 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >
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Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--
RIP routing Information Protocol
Standard: public standard protocol; located at OSI layer 7, socket: UDP 520; divided into version 1 and 2
For small networks only, because RIP delivery can only traverse up to 1
Purpose: dynamic transfer routing entries between routers
Principle: RIPv2, by sending routing entry updates through respone messages periodically and in a multicast manner between routers; requests for routing entry updates through request messages
Timer: update cycle-30s
Invalid timer-180
Hold timer-180
Refresh timer-240
The configuration process of RIP:
1. Start the protocol
2. Configuration version 2
3. Turn off automatic summarization
4. Declare the route and send / receive
Note: network:network can only be used for direct connections, which is an essential command that determines whether a port can enable RIP protocol processes.
Redistribute: you can target any type of route (as long as there is one in the routing table), but this command is only responsible for loading the routes in the routing table into the RIP respone message
Note:
In any routing protocol in the future
All routes declared by network are called internal routes.
All routes declared by redistribute are called external routes.
Ring release mechanism: split horizontally-routes received on a port are not sent out that port
RIP worksheet:
Database-any route that declares success will first enter this table; the route to this table
Before it can be sent to other routers; in addition, reasons learned from other RIP routers
Maximum hops: the maximum number of tones for RIP routed transmissions is 16
The difference between RIPv2 and RIPv:
1.RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol and RIPv2 is a classless routing protocol.
2.RIPv1 cannot support VLSM,RIPv2 can support VLSM.
3.RIPv1 does not have the function of authentication, RIPv2 can support authentication, and there are both plaintext and MD5 authentication.
4.RIPv1 does not have the function of manual summary. RIPv2 can do manual summary on the premise that automatic summary is turned off. (reason: extra mask)
5.RIPv1 is a broadcast update and RIPv2 is a multicast update.
6.RIPv1 does not have the function of tagging routes, and RIPv2 can tag routes for filtering and policy making.
The updata sent by 7.RIPv1 can carry up to 25 route entries, and the RIPv2 can only carry up to 24 routes with authentication.
There is no next-hop attribute in the updata packet sent by 8.RIPv1. RIPv2 has a next-hop attribute, which can be reset with routing updates.
Basic attributes:
1. Administrative distance-AD,admin change tool: distance
Indicates the stability of the route. The value range is 0-255. The smaller the better, the larger. It means that the route is completely untrusted and cannot be put into the routing table.
Cisco rip:120 Huawei rip:100
two。 Measure-Metric change tool: offset-list
Indicates the distance from the router to a route entry. The range of values is unlimited, and the smaller the better.
Note: what always exists in the routing table of a router is the "most stable" and "shortest" path to a destination network; when a router goes to a destination network and has multiple route entries, it will choose the best one:
# first compare AD values, the smaller the better; if the same
# secondly, compare Metric, the smaller the better; if the same
# it is all put into the routing table to form "load balancing"
By default, for RIP, a maximum of four entries are allowed at the same time for any one route entry.
Cisco device AD Metric
Directly connected route administrative distance, 0 0
Static route administrative distance, 1 0
RIP route administrative distance. 120hop- means "hop count" and "next".
Automatic summarization:
(summary essence-send summary, suppress details)-what kind of agreement does it have?
Distance vector or path vector routing protocol has the characteristic of automatic summarization. Of course, it can be turned off based on network requirements.
-what happened?
When sending routes, automatic summarization is carried out at the boundary of the main class network
-the result?
Finally, at the port, only summary routes are sent, not detailed routes.
Manual summary:
To do this on the interface, it is aimed at the outgoing route; only the summary route is sent on the port to suppress the sending of detailed routes; after manual summary is done in RIP, you need to manually configure a "null0" route-empty route for the summary route on the local device; in order to prevent the occurrence of data forwarding loop.
Advantages of route summarization:
1. The routing sent can be saved, so that the link bandwidth and the equipment resources of the other party can be saved.
two。 It can control the impact of unstable links on the whole network and enhance the stability of the network.
RIP worksheet:
1. Database-show ip rip database
2. Routing table-show ip route rip
RIP message:
1. Request (request)
2. Respond (response)
Calculate when wildcards pass through one ACL entry and match multiple route entries at the same time:
1. Determine the common prefix for multiple route entries
The same bit, unchanged, write directly
Different bits, changes, write 0 directly
2. Determine the wildcards corresponding to the common prefix
In wildcards, write 0 corresponding to the invariant bits in the prefix
In a wildcard, write 1 corresponding to the bit that changes in the prefix
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