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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what are the characteristics of blockchain architecture". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

A blockchain is a distributed database with a specific structure. It is an ordered database with each block connected to the linked list of the previous block. That is, chunks are stored in the order in which they are inserted, and each block is connected to the previous block. This structure allows us to quickly get the latest block on the chain and efficiently retrieve a block through hash.

Six-layer model of block chain

A standard blockchain project should include at least three layers: data layer, network layer and consensus layer, while application layer, contract layer and incentive layer may not be included.

Take an example of a transaction to illustrate the role of this model, let's say we have three roles.

A has 100btc btc B has 0btcMagi c is a miner, now A transfers 10 BTC to B

1. A-> B transfer 10 Bitcoin, data layer

2. To confirm the transfer transaction, it needs to be broadcast at the network layer.

3. Package the transaction into a block to form a new block, and add it to the block chain, common recognition layer

4. the reward of the third step, the incentive layer

5. Wallet, application layer

Characteristics of blockchain architecture

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, reliable database, open source programmability, collective maintenance, security and credibility, transaction quasi-anonymity and so on. If a system does not have the above characteristics, it can not be regarded as an application based on block chain technology.

1. Decentralization

The process of storage, transmission and verification of block chain data is based on the distributed system structure, and the whole network does not rely on a centralized hardware or management organization. As a deployment model of blockchain, all participating nodes in the public chain network can have the same rights and obligations.

two。 Reliable database

The database of the blockchain system adopts distributed storage, and any participating node can have a complete copy of the database. Unless more than half of the computing power in the system can be controlled, changes to the database on the node will be invalid. The more nodes involved in the system, the higher the security of the database. And the storage of block chain data also has a time stamp, which adds a time dimension to the data and has high traceability.

3. Open source programmable

Blockchain systems are usually open source, the code is highly transparent public chain data and programs are open to everyone, and anyone can query the data in the system through the interface. And the blockchain platform also provides a flexible scripting system that enables users to create advanced smart contracts, currencies, and decentralized applications.

4. Collective maintenance

The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all the nodes with accounting function in the whole system, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect the operation of the whole system.

5. Secure and reliable

Block chain technology uses asymmetric cryptography to sign the transaction, so that the transaction can not be forged. At the same time, the hash algorithm is used to ensure that the transaction data can not be easily tampered with, and finally, with the help of consensus algorithms such as workload proof of each node in the distributed system to form a strong computing power to resist the attack of saboteurs, to ensure that the blocks in the block chain and the transaction data in the blocks can not be tampered with and forged, so it has high security.

6. Quasi anonymity

The blockchain system uses an address linked to the user's public key to identify the user, and does not need the traditional third-party authentication authority (CertificateAuthority,CA) based on PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) to issue digital certificates to confirm the identity. By running the consensus algorithm on the nodes of the whole network, the consensus of the honest nodes on the state of the whole network is established, and the trust between the nodes is established indirectly. Users only need to disclose their addresses, not their real identities, and the same user can constantly change addresses. Therefore, the transaction on the block chain is not linked to the user's real identity, but only to the user's address, and has the quasi-anonymity of the transaction.

The blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger, which itself is a series of interrelated data blocks generated by cryptography, each containing multiple pieces of information effectively confirmed by bitcoin online transactions. Foreign exchange tracking www.gendan5.com can be divided into public chain, alliance chain and private block chain according to their types.

Public chain

Anyone in the world can read and send transactions. If they are legal, they have a chance to see themselves included. Anyone in the world can participate in the consensus-building process-deciding what blocks to add to the chain and what the status quo is. As a substitute for centralization or quasi-centralization trust, the public chain is protected by the encryption economy, which is a combination of economic incentives and encryption graphics verification, using mechanisms such as workload proof or interest proof. the general principle followed is that the degree to which people influence consensus is proportional to the amount of economic resources they can influence. This type of blockchain is generally considered to be "completely decentralized".

Alliance chain

The consensus formation process is controlled by a pre-selected series of nodes, for example, imagine a group of 15 financial institutions, each operating a node, and 10 of them must sign that block in order for the block to take effect. The right to read the block chain may be public or limited to participants, and there are mixed paths, such as the root hash table of the block is exposed together with the application programming interface, so that public members can make a certain amount of query. get encrypted graphic proof of the status of part of the block chain. This type of blockchain is considered to be "partial decentralization".

Private block chain

Writing permission remains central to an organization. The reading license may be public or restricted to any extent. Applications are likely to include database management, reviews, etc., within a single company, so public readability is not necessary in many cases, but in other cases people want public readability.

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