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This article mainly introduces "how to fully deploy Web applications in Docker". In daily operation, I believe many people have doubts about how to fully deploy Web applications in Docker. The editor consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out simple and easy-to-use methods of operation. I hope it will be helpful to answer the doubts of "how to fully deploy Web applications in Docker". Next, please follow the editor to study!

A complete Web application includes front-end pages, databases, background logic, etc., according to the general process to build the need to configure Nginx, MySQL, as well as background servers, the part involved in operation and maintenance is very complex. Docker can encapsulate these things (data + services), although in some cases it is not recommended that data and services be put together. This article gives a detailed introduction to the requirements of fully deploying the entire Web application in a Docker container.

The Web application given in this article is "top-topic-Zhihu" (another timeline), and the whole project can be found in Github.

Dockerfile and dependent files are hosted on docker-toptopic, and cloud service providers choose "Finch Cloud" to provide container services.

This website can be seen in the domain name http://toptopic-huangtuzhi.myalauda.cn:19991/ provided by the "Sparrow Cloud" service.

File directory

The directory structure of the entire Web application is as follows:

├── docker-toptopic │ ├── Dockerfile │ ├── init.sh # initialization script of Nginx MySQL and background Server │ ├── mysql # MySQL configuration file │ │ └── my.cnf │ ├── nginx # Nginx configuration file │ │ ├── global.conf │ │ └── nginx.conf │ ├── question.txt # data to be imported into DB │ ├── README.md │ └── web │ ├── dataAccess.py # AO service of background Server │ ├── dataCGI.py # background Server │ └── www # website │ ├── assets │ │ ├── tuzhii.ico │ │ └── tuzhii.jpg │ ├── css │ │ ├── button.css │ │ └── toptopic.css │ ├── index.html │ └── js │ └── template.jsDockerfile

Dockerfile describes the dependencies of the container and the steps to build, and the following step by step explains the meaning of the statement.

FROM ubuntuMAINTAINER titushuang "ituzhi@163.com" ENV REFRESHED_AT 2015-10-12RUN apt-get update\ & & apt-get install-y mysql-server-5.6 python python-dev python-pip libmysqlclient-dev nginxRUN pip install MySQL-python flask RUN pip install-U flask-corsRUN mkdir-p / home/toptopic/ home/toptopic/webCOPY init.sh / home/toptopic/init.shCOPY web / home/toptopic/webCOPY question.txt / home/toptopic/question.txtCOPY nginx/global.conf / etc/nginx/conf. D/COPY nginx/nginx.conf / etc/nginx/nginx.confCOPY mysql/my.cnf / etc/mysql/my.cnfRUN ln-s / home/toptopic/web/www / usr/share/nginx/htmlRUN chmod + x / home/toptopic/init.sh RUN chmod-R 755 / home/toptopic/webRUN. / etc/init.d/mysql start & &\ mysql-e "grant all privileges on *. * to 'root'@'%' identified by' dbpasswd' "& &\ mysql-e" grant all privileges on *. * to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by' dbpasswd'; "& &\ mysql-e" CREATE DATABASE top_topic_zhihu; use top_topic_zhihu "& &\ mysql-e" CREATE TABLE top_topic_zhihu.question (question_id varchar (30) NOT NULL,\ title varchar, ask_time datetime,followers int) "& &\ mysql-e" load data infile'/ home/toptopic/question.txt' into\ table top_topic_zhihu.question fields terminated by';;'"& &\ mysql-e" grant all privileges on *. * to 'root'@'localhost'\ identified by' dbpasswd' "EXPOSE 2223 5000CMD [" / home/toptopic/init.sh "] MySQL installation and configuration

The MySQL server only needs to install mysql-server-5.6 with the package manager, because the background uses Python as the server language, and you also need to install MySQL support for the Python language. You need to install python, libmysqlclient-dev, and python-dev using apt, and then install MySQL-python using pip Manager.

The default character set of MySQL is latin1, while the display of web pages is generally utf8 character set. You need to set the character set of MySQL configuration file to utf8.

Use the command

COPY mysql/my.cnf / etc/mysql/my.cnf

Overwrite the local modified configuration file over the MySQL configuration file in Docker. View character set

Mysql > SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%' +-- +-- + | Variable_name | Value | +-- -+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | Utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | / usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +-- +-- + 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

If the character set is shown above, it has been modified successfully.

MySQL's pit

In the Dockerfile above, you can see that permissions are added to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' and' root'@'localhost', respectively, and the permissions for 'root'@'localhost' are added at the end of the SQL statement. This is because

Using 'root'@'localhost' does not have permission to build databases and tables and report an error

Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: No)

After entering Docker using 'root'@'127.0.0.1', you do not have permission to connect to Mysql. An error was reported.

Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

So here we use 'root'@'127.0.0.1' to build the database and tables, and finally use' root'@'localhost' to connect to the database.

Nginx installation and configuration

Nginx is here as a server for static pages, and you only need to install it with apt Manager.

Nginx needs to configure the root directory to specify the file location of the website and overwrite the local global.conf and nginx.conf files to the Docker.

COPY nginx/global.conf / etc/nginx/conf.d/COPY nginx/nginx.conf / etc/nginx/nginx.conf

In global.conf, we specify that the server root is / usr/share/nginx/html/www

Server {listen 0.0.0.0 server_name 2223; root / usr/share/nginx/html/www; index index.html index.htm;}

In Docker, we put the Web site files in the newly created / home/toptopic/web/www directory. A soft link is established here to associate them for easy modification and maintenance.

RUN ln-s / home/toptopic/web/www / usr/share/nginx/htmlEXPOSE two ports

EXPOSE is used in Docker to restrict open ports. We use Nginx to provide static page access and Flask framework to provide access to dynamic page data, so we need to open two ports.

EXPOSE 2223 5000

If you query the port status, you can see that host port 2333 is mapped to port 2333 of Docker, and host port 5000 is mapped to port 5000 of Docker.

Hy@HP / tmp $sudo docker ps [sudo] password for huangyi: CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2d1d03d08a95 titus/mysql:latest / bin/bash 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0sudo docker ps 2223-> 2223Univ TCPE 0.0.0.0sudo 5000-> 5000/tcp clever_hoover

Port 2223 must be consistent with the port set in Nginx in the previous section, because Nginx uses port 2223 to provide services, and Docker just has to open this port.

In the backend service dataCGI.py based on Flask framework, the corresponding listening address of the server is

App.run (host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True, threaded=True)

Host must be set to 0.0.0.0, which means listening on all IP addresses. If host uses 127.0.0.1, the service will not be accessible outside the container. At the same time, port 5000 here is the same as another port open in Dockerfile.

Startup script

In CMD in Dockerfile, you can specify that the Docker runtime executes some commands.

/ etc/init.d/mysql start/etc/init.d/nginx start & / home/toptopic/web/dataCGI.py

These three lines start the MySQL,Nginx and the background service respectively.

Build command

Build a Docker container

Sudo docker build-t = "titus/toptopic".

Run the container

Sudo docker run-t-I-p 2223 purl 2223-p 5000 titus/toptopic

It should be noted that if you use the

Sudo docker run-t-I-p 2223V 2223-p 5000Rule 5000 titus/toptopic / bin/bash

The script command in CMD cannot be started because the command in CMD is overwritten when / bin/bash is specified after docker run.

Deploy on cloud platform

Deploying a Docker application on Sparrow Cloud requires two steps: build-create a service.

Click "build"-"create an image build repository", and then select the Github repository source. You need to put the pre-written Dockerfile in the Github.

After building the warehouse, click "create Service".

Set the service. In the advanced settings, select tcp-endpoint as the service address type (external users can access the service address directly through TCP. The port of the service address is randomly assigned, usually greater than 10000 and less than 65535).

Finally, click "create Service" at the bottom to complete the deployment. The new service is as follows:

Enter http://toptopic-huangtuzhi.myalauda.cn:19991/ in the browser to access the website.

At this point, the study on "how to fully deploy Web applications in Docker" is over. I hope to be able to solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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