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This article mainly explains "what are the relevant compilation methods of C++ source code", interested friends may wish to have a look. The method introduced in this paper is simple, fast and practical. Next let the editor to take you to learn "C++ source code related compilation methods there are" it!

1. The concept of polymorphism

Polymorphism refers to defining different functions with one name, which performs different but similar operations, thus implementing "one interface, multiple methods". The realization of polymorphism is related to static binding and dynamic binding. The polymorphism supported by static binding is called compile-time polymorphism, also known as static polymorphism, which is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading. The polymorphism supported by dynamic binding is called runtime polymorphism, also known as dynamic polymorphism, which is realized through inheritance and virtual functions.

two。 Function overload

The significance of function overloading is that it can access a set of related functions with the same name. Both ordinary member functions and constructors can be overloaded in classes, especially the overloading of constructors (which provides a variety of initialization methods) to give users more flexibility.

There are two cases of function overloading in base and derived classes: one is overloading with different parameters. The other is overloading with no difference in parameters, except that they belong to different classes. You can distinguish between the two functions in two ways: by object name and by class name::.

3. Operator overload dynamic polymorphism

It is achieved through inheritance and virtual functions. Operator overloading is achieved by creating the operator function operator@ (). Operator functions define what an overloaded operator will do, which usually acts on a class. In this way, when you encounter an operator function named operator@ at compile time (@ represents the operator you want to overload), you check the type of parameters passed to the function.

The overload operator is used in exactly the same way as the predefined operator, and it cannot change the number of parameters of the original operator (unary or binomial), nor can it change the associativity of the original priority. Users cannot define new operators and can only choose an appropriate operator overload from the existing operators in C++ source code.

The member operator function can be defined as a member of the class it will operate (called the member operator function) or as a non-member of the class. however, most of the non-member operator functions are the friend functions of the class (called friend operator functions). The declaration format of the member operator function in the class is:

4. Assignment operator

Inheriting the C language, user-defined classes and structures should be able to perform assignment operations. The array name cannot be assigned, and the array name is essentially a constant pointer. For any class, the C++ source code provides a default assignment operator. In general, the default assignment operator overloading can do the job. When there is a pointer type in the class, you need to customize the assignment operator function. Generally speaking, the function body consists of two parts: similar to the destructor, it cancels the resources already occupied by the object.

Similar to the constructor, the assignment operator overload of the br > class can only be overloaded as a member function, not as a friend function.

The overloaded operator function operator= () cannot be inherited.

The difference between copy constructor and assignment operator overloading: different ways of declaration and definition; different ways of calling.

5. Censor + source code

A virtual function is another form of overloading that allows the connection between a virtual function call and the function body to be established at run time. Definition: a virtual function is a function that is described by the keyword virtual in the base class and redefined in a derived class. When redefined in a derived class, its function prototype includes the return type, the function name, the number of parameters and the order of parameter types, all of which must be the same as the prototype in the base class.

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The constructor cannot be virtual, but the destructor can be virtual. The relationship between virtual function and overloaded function: when an ordinary function is overloaded, the parameter or parameter type of the function must be different, and the return type of the function can also be different; in the derived class, when redefining the virtual function, the function name, return type, number of parameters, type and order of parameters are exactly the same as those in the base class.

If only the return type is different and the rest are the same, the system will give an error message. When the virtual function is overloaded, if only the function name is the same, and the number, type or order of parameters are different, the system reloads it as a universal function, the characteristics of the virtual function will be lost. Multiple inheritance and virtual functions: multiple inheritance can be regarded as a combination of multiple single inheritance.

6. Pure virtual functions and abstract classes

Pure virtual function: a virtual function described in the base class, which is not defined in the base class, but requires you to define its own version in its derived class, or redefine it as a pure virtual function. The general form of a pure virtual function: virtual type func_name (parameter table) = 0 (type is the return type of the function, func_name is the function name). Abstract class: a class that has at least one pure virtual function. Abstract classes provide a unified interface to deal with different derived classes, handing the responsibility of implementation to derived classes.

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