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Recently, Gartner announced the first strategic science and technology development trends that enterprises should understand and pay attention to in 2019. Gartner defines the development trend of strategic science and technology as a strategic science and technology development trend with great subversive potential, breaking away from the initial stage and expanding its scope and use; these trends are growing rapidly, highly volatile and expected to reach a tipping point in the next five years.

David Cearley, vice president and academician of Gartner, said: "Intelligent Digital Grid (Intelligent Digital Mesh) has been a hot topic for the past two years and will continue to be an important driver in 2019. As part of the ContinuousNEXT strategy, trends on these three themes are the main drivers of the continuous innovation process. For example, automated objects and intelligent form-enhanced artificial intelligence (AI) are being used in conjunction with the Internet of things, edge computing, and digital twins to create a highly integrated smart space. This combination of trends that jointly nurture new opportunities and drive new changes is characteristic of Gartner's Top Ten Strategic Science and Technology Trends of 2019 (top 10 strategic technologytrends for 2019). "

The ten strategic scientific and technological development trends in 2019 are as follows:

Autonomous object (Autonomous Things)

Autonomous objects such as robots, drones and self-driving vehicles use artificial intelligence to automatically perform various functions previously performed by human beings. Its level of automation goes beyond the automation provided by rigid programming models and can use artificial intelligence to bring advanced behavior that interacts more naturally with the environment and humans.

Mr. Cearley said, "with the increasing popularity of autonomous objects, we will see a shift from a single smart object to a large number of collaborative smart objects, where multiple devices will work together independently of or relying on human input. For example, when a drone inspects a large field and finds that it can harvest, it will dispatch an 'autonomous harvester' to operate. In the logistics and distribution market, the most effective solution may be to use self-driving vehicles to deliver packages to the target area. Subsequently, robots and drones carried on the vehicle can ensure the final delivery of the package. "

Enhanced analysis (AugmentedAnalytics)

Enhanced analysis focuses on specific areas of enhanced intelligence, using machine learning (machine learning) to transform the way analytical content is developed, used, and shared. Enhanced analysis capabilities will rapidly develop to mainstream applications and become the main features of data preparation, data management, modern analysis, business process management, process mining and data science platforms. Automated insight (automated insights) from enhanced analysis will also be embedded in enterprise applications, such as human resources, finance, sales, marketing, customer service, purchasing and asset management applications, to optimize the decisions and actions of all employees in all scenarios, not just those of analysts and data scientists. Enhanced analysis can automate the process of data preparation, insight generation and visualization, without the participation of professional data scientists in many cases.

According to Mr. Cearley, "this will lead to Folk data Science (citizen data science), an emerging set of capabilities and practices that enable users of statistics and analysis who are not in their field of work to extract predictive and indicative insights from data. By 2020, the growth rate of private data scientists will be more than five times higher than that of professional data scientists. Enterprises can use private data scientists to fill the gap in data science and machine learning caused by the shortage and high cost of data scientists. "

Artificial intelligence driven development (AI-Driven Development)

The market is rapidly moving from professional data scientists who have to work with application developers to create most AI-enhanced solutions to a model in which professional developers can operate alone by booking the services of artificial intelligence modules (predefined models delivered as a service). This provides developers with an ecosystem of artificial intelligence algorithms and models, as well as development tools that can integrate artificial intelligence functions and models into solutions. As artificial intelligence is used in the development process to automate a variety of data science, application development and testing functions, professional application development will usher in new opportunities. By 2022, at least 40 per cent of new application development projects will have artificial intelligence co-developers (AI co-developers) on their teams.

Mr. Cearley said, "eventually, extremely advanced AI enhanced development environments will automate the functional and non-functional aspects of applications, ushering in a new era of 'non-professional application developers (citizenapplication developer)', when non-professionals will be able to use artificial intelligence drivers to automatically generate new solutions. Tools that support non-professionals to create applications without programming are not new, but we expect artificial intelligence enhanced systems to further increase the flexibility of these tools. "

Digital twins (Digital Twin)

Digital twinning refers to the digital reproduction of a real entity or system. According to Gartner, by 2020, there will be more than 20 billion connected sensors and endpoints, and digital twins will serve billions of objects. At the beginning, enterprises simply implement digital twinning, but they will evolve them over time, improve their ability to collect and visualize correct data, apply correct analysis and rules, and respond effectively to the business goals of the enterprise.

"organizations will implement DTO internally, which will be an aspect of the evolution of digital twinning beyond the Internet of things," Mr. Cearley said. DTO is a dynamic software model that relies on operational or other data to understand how an organization operates a business model, correlates current status, deploys resources, and responds to changes to achieve expected customer value. DTO helps improve the efficiency of business processes and create processes that are more flexible, dynamic, and responsive to changing circumstances. "

Edge of autonomy (Empowered Edge)

Edge refers to the endpoint devices that people use or embed in the world around us. Edge computing (Edge computing) is a computing topology in which information processing, content collection, and delivery are closer to these endpoints. The structure tries to collect traffic and process it locally in order to reduce network congestion and latency.

In the short term, the edge is driven by the Internet of things and processing requirements close to the terminal rather than on a centralized cloud server. However, cloud computing and edge computing do not create new architectures, but gradually become complementary models, in which cloud services are managed as a centralized service (centralized service) running on centralized servers, locally distributed servers, and edge devices.

Over the next five years, professional artificial intelligence chips as well as more powerful processing power, storage and other advanced features will be added to a wider range of edge devices. The extremely high heterogeneity (extreme heterogeneity) of the embedded Internet of things world and the long life cycle of various assets, such as industrial systems, will pose a large number of management challenges. In the long run, as 5G matures, the expanding edge computing environment will bring more robust communication support to centralized services. 5G reduces latency, increases bandwidth, and significantly increases the number of nodes (edge endpoints) per square kilometer, which is important for the edge.

Immersive experience (ImmersiveExperience)

Conversational platforms are changing the way people interact with the digital world, while virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and hybrid reality (MR) are changing the way people perceive the digital world. This comprehensive shift in perception and interaction patterns brings about an immersive user experience in the future.

Mr. Cearley said, "over time, we will move from thinking about single device and fragmented user interface (fragmented user interface) technology to multichannel and multimodal experience (multichannel and multimodal experience). The multimodal experience will connect humans to the digital world across hundreds of edge devices around them, including traditional computing devices, wearables, cars, environmental sensors, and consumer devices. The multichannel experience will combine all human senses as well as advanced computer sensing (such as heat, humidity and breadth) in multimode devices. This composite experience environment will create a situational experience in which the 'computer' will be defined by the space around us rather than by a device. In fact, the environment is equivalent to a computer. "

Block chain (Blockchain)

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (distributed ledger) that promises to reshape industries by building trust, providing transparency, and reducing friction across business ecosystems to reduce costs, reduce transaction settlement times, and improve cash flow. At present, banks, clearinghouses, governments and many other institutions are trusted and regarded as central institutions (central authorities) that securely store "single version of the truth" in databases. This centralized trust model increases transaction delays and friction costs (such as commissions, fees and the time value of currencies). Blockchain provides another mode of trust so that people no longer have to rely on the central authority to arbitrate transactions.

"current blockchain technologies and concepts are immature, lack of understanding, and have not been validated by large-scale, critical business operations," said Mr. Cearley. This is especially true for complex elements that support more complex scenarios. Despite the challenges, even if CIOs and IT leaders are in no hurry to adopt the technology in the next few years, they should begin to evaluate the blockchain because of its huge disruptive potential. "

Many current blockchain plans do not implement all the attributes of the blockchain, such as highly distributed databases. These blockchain-inspired solutions are positioned as a way to achieve operational efficiency through business process automation or recording digitization. It is expected to enhance information sharing among known entities (known entities) and increase the possibility of tracking and tracing physical and digital assets. However, these methods do not capture the real blockchain subversion value and may increase vendor lock-in (vendor lock-in). Organizations that choose such solutions should understand the limitations and be prepared to switch to a thorough blockchain solution over time. The same result can also be achieved by making more efficient use of existing non-blockchain technologies and fine-tuning them.

Smart Space (Smart Spaces)

Smart space is a physical or digital environment in which human beings interact with technologically supported systems in a more open, interconnected, collaborative and intelligent ecosystem. Multiple elements, including people, processes, services, and things, converge into the smart space to create a more immersive, interactive, and automated experience for target people and industry scenarios.

Mr Cearley said: "for some time, this trend has been merged around elements such as smart cities, digital workspaces, smart homes and connected factories. Technology is increasingly becoming an integral part of our daily lives, whether as employees, customers, consumers, community members or citizens. We believe that the market is entering a period of accelerated delivery of smart spaces."

Digital morality and Privacy (Digital Ethics and Privacy)

Individuals, business institutions and governments are increasingly concerned about digital ethics and privacy. There is growing concern about how corporate institutions will use their personal information in both the public and private sectors, and this response will only intensify to companies that do not take the initiative to deal with such issues.

"any discussion of privacy must be based on the broader theme of digital ethics and trust among customers, clients and employees," said Mr. Cearley. While privacy and security are fundamental components of building trust, trust is actually not just about these components. Trust is the acceptance of stated facts without evidence or investigation. In the end, the establishment of corporate institutions' positions on privacy must be driven by their broader positions of ethics and trust. The shift from privacy to morality has changed the conversation from 'are we compliant' to 'are we doing the right thing'. "

Quantum Computing (QuantumComputing)

Quantum computing is a kind of non-classical computation operating on the quantum states of subatomic particles (such as electrons and ions). It expresses information as elements represented by qubits (qubits). The parallel execution (parallel execution) and exponential scalability of quantum computers mean that they are good at dealing with problems that are too complex for traditional methods, or that traditional algorithms will take too long to find answers. Automotive, financial, insurance, pharmaceutical, military and other industries and research institutions have benefited most from the development of quantum computing. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, quantum computing can be used to model intermolecular interactions at the atomic level to accelerate the launch of new anticancer drugs, and quantum computing can also accelerate and more accurately predict protein-protein interactions, thus discovering new pharmaceutical methods.

"CIO and IT leaders should start planning quantum computing, getting to know it better, and thinking about how it can be used for real business problems," said Mr. Cearley. They need to learn while the technology is still emerging, identify real problems that it has the potential to solve, and consider its potential impact on security. But don't believe the exaggeration that quantum computing will lead to change in the next few years. By 2022, most enterprises should understand and observe quantum computing, perhaps from 2023 or 2025. "

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