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How to understand cloud computing and OpenStack, in view of this problem, this article introduces the corresponding analysis and solutions in detail, hoping to help more partners who want to solve this problem to find a more simple and easy way.

"Cloud computing" is the hottest word in recent years. Now the IT industry does not say these three words, you are embarrassed to say hello to others. For cloud computing, there are various definitions in academia.

CloudMan here mainly wants to talk about the understanding of cloud computing from a technical point of view.

Basic concept

All new things do not pop up all of a sudden, there are past lives and this life. Cloud computing is also the product of the continuous development of IT technology. To understand cloud computing, we need to have some understanding of the development process of IT system architecture. Please look at the picture below.

So far, the development of IT system architecture can be divided into three stages:

Physical machine architecture

At this stage, the application is deployed and running on the physical machine. For example, if the enterprise wants to have an ERP system, if the scale is not large, it can find three physical machines to deploy Web server, application server and database server respectively. If the scale is larger, various servers can adopt the cluster architecture, but each cluster member is still deployed directly on the physical machine. The customers I have seen in the early days are all based on this architecture, one set of applications and one set of servers. Usually, the resource utilization of the system is very low, and 20% of them are good.

Virtualization Architectur

Moore's Law determines that the computing power of physical servers is getting stronger and stronger, and the development of virtualization technology has greatly improved the resource utilization of physical servers. At this stage, several virtual machines are running on the physical machine, and the application system is deployed directly to the virtual machine. The benefits of virtualization are also reflected in reducing the number of physical machines that need to be managed while saving maintenance costs.

Cloud computing architecture virtualization improves the resource utilization of a single physical machine. With the application of virtualization technology, there are more and more virtual machines in the IT environment. At this time, a new demand arises: how to manage the virtual machines in the IT environment uniformly and efficiently. Where there is demand, there is supply, and cloud computing has stepped onto the stage of history.

Computing (CPU/ memory), storage and network are the three types of resources of IT system. Through the cloud computing platform, these three types of resources become three pools. When a virtual machine is needed, only the specification of the virtual machine needs to be provided to the platform. The platform quickly allocates resources from three resource pools to deploy such a virtual machine that meets the specifications. Users of virtual machines no longer need to care about where the virtual machines run, where the storage space comes from, and how IP is allocated. These cloud platforms are all done.

Cloud platform is a service-oriented architecture, which is divided into IaaS, PaaS and SaaS according to the different services provided. Please look at the picture below.

The services provided by IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) are virtual machines. IaaS is responsible for managing the lifecycle of virtual machines, including creation, modification, backup, startup and shutdown, destruction, etc. What users get from the cloud platform is a virtual machine that has already installed the image (operating system + other pre-installed software). Users need to be concerned about the type of virtual machine (OS) and configuration (CPU, memory, disk), and they are responsible for deploying the upper middleware and applications. The users of IaaS are usually system administrators in the data center. Typical IaaS examples include AWS, Rackspace, Aliyun, etc.

The services provided by PaaS (Platform as a Service) are the running environment of the application and a series of middleware services (such as database, message queue, etc.). Users only need to focus on the development of applications and deploy their applications and data to the PaaS environment. PaaS is responsible for ensuring the availability and performance of these services. The users of PaaS are usually application developers. Typical PaaS include Google App Engine, IBM BlueMix, etc.

SaaS (Software as a Service) provides application services. Users only need to log in and use the application, regardless of what technology the application uses or where the application is deployed. The user of SaaS is usually the end user of the application. Typical SaaS include Google Gmail, Salesforce, etc.

Cloud computing and OpenStack

OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of computing, storage, and network resources throughout the data center, all managed through a dashboard that provides control to administrators while allowing their users to provide resources through the web interface.

The above is the definition of OpenStack on the official website. OpenStack uniformly manages the computing, storage and network resources of the data center. Thus it can be seen that OpenStack is aimed at IT infrastructure and cloud operating system at the level of IaaS.

This is the answer to the question on how to understand cloud computing and OpenStack. I hope the above content can be of some help to you. If you still have a lot of doubts to be solved, you can follow the industry information channel for more related knowledge.

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