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This article mainly explains "what are the five open source Web servers". The content in the article is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn "what are the five open source Web servers".

NGINX server

Igor Sysoev began developing NGINX in 2002 and released its first public version in 2004. NGINX was developed to solve the problem of C10K, which is currently used by more than 30 per cent of websites around the world.

Nginx is a lightweight Web server / reverse proxy server and email (IMAP/POP3) proxy server, and is distributed under a BSD-like protocol. It is characterized by low memory and strong concurrency ability. in fact, the concurrency ability of nginx does perform well in the same type of web server. Chinese mainland uses nginx website users: Baidu, JD.com, Sina, NetEase, Tencent, Taobao and so on.

NGINX relies on asynchronous event-driven architecture to help it handle a large number of concurrent sessions. Because of its lightweight use of resources and scalability, it has become a popular web server.

NGINX is released under the license of a BSD-like (Berkeley Software Distribution) license and can be deployed not only as a web server, but also as a proxy server or load balancer. You can find more information about it on the NGINX community website.

Characteristics of NGINX:

Server

Nginx serves as a load balancing server: Nginx can not only directly support Rails and PHP programs to serve externally, but also support external services as HTTP proxy servers. Nginx is written in C, both the system resource overhead and the efficiency of CPU are much better than Perlbal.

Handle static files, index files, and automatic indexing; turn on file descriptor buffering.

Reverse proxy acceleration without caching, simple load balancing and fault tolerance.

FastCGI, simple load balancing and fault tolerance.

Modular structure. Including gzipping, byte ranges, chunked responses, and SSI-filter and other filter. If FastCG or another proxy server processes multiple SSI that exist in a single page, the process can be run in parallel without waiting for each other.

SSL and TLSSNI are supported.

Code

Nginx code is written completely from scratch in C language and has been ported to many architectures and operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, AIX and Microsoft Windows. Nginx has its own function library, and with the exception of zlib, PCRE, and OpenSSL, standard modules use only system C library functions. Moreover, if you do not need or take into account potential authorization conflicts, you can not use these third-party libraries.

Proxy server

As a mail proxy server: Nginx is also an excellent mail proxy server (one of the earliest purposes of developing this product is also as a mail proxy server), Last.fm describes the successful and wonderful experience.

Nginx is a server with very simple installation, concise configuration files (and support for perl syntax) and very little Bug. Nginx is very easy to start, and can run almost continuously from 7 to 24, even if it runs for several months without a reboot. You can also upgrade the software version without interruption of service.

Lighttpd server

Lighttpd is a German-led open source Web server software, its fundamental purpose is to provide a secure, fast, compatible and flexible web server environment specifically for high-performance websites. It has the characteristics of very low memory overhead, low cpu occupancy rate, good efficiency and rich modules.

Lighttpd is independent of the world because of its low memory footprint, low CPU load and processing speed. It uses event-driven architecture to optimize a large number of parallel connections and supports FastCGI, SCGI, Auth,Output-compression, URL-rewriting and other functions. Lighttpd is mainly used in the web framework of Catalyst and Ruby on Rails. You can find more information about it through the project home page.

Apache

Apache HTTP Server is called Apache for short. It was born in 1995 and celebrated its 20th birthday on February 20, 2015. More than 52% of the world's websites use Apache, which is currently the most popular web server.

Apache, English name: Apache, is an open source web server of the Apache Software Foundation, which can run in most computer operating systems. Because of its widespread use of multiple platforms and security, Apache is one of the most popular Web server-side software. It is fast, reliable and can compile interpreters such as Perl/Python into the server through a simple API extension. Developer Apache Software Foundation. Apache httpd usually runs on Linux, but it can also be deployed on OS X and Windows, and its release is licensed under the Apache license version 2.0. The web server itself uses a modular architecture, and loading other additional modules can be used as an additional feature. For example, loading the mod_proxy module increases the functionality of the server proxy / gateway, and loading the mod_proxy_balancer module provides load balancing for all supported protocols. In v2.4, Apache supports HTTP/2 through the new mod_http2 module.

Apache HTTP Server has been the most popular web server since 1996, which is inseparable from its great documentation and software project integration support, and you can find more information about it on the Apache Foundation's project page.

Apache Tomcat

Apache only supports static pages, but dynamic pages such as php,cgi,jsp need to be handled by Tomcat. Tomcat is a Servlet container developed by the Jakarta project under the Apache Software Foundation. According to the technical specifications provided by Sun Microsystems, it supports Servlet and JavaServer Page (JSP), and provides some unique functions as a Web server, such as Tomcat management and control platform, security domain management and Tomcat valve. Because Tomcat itself contains a HTTP server, it can also be considered a separate Web server. However, Tomcat and Apache Web servers should not be confused. Apache Web Server is a HTTP web server; implemented in C. these two HTTP web server are not bundled together. Apache Tomcat includes a configuration management tool, which can also be configured by editing a configuration file in XML format. Apache,nginx,tomcat is also known as the three Musketeers of web services, which shows its wide range of applications.

Apache Tomcat is released under the license of version 2.0 of the Apache license and is typically used to run Java applications. In addition, through the extension of Coyote, it can play the role of a normal server serving HTTP documents for local files. More detailed information can be found on the Apache Tomcat project website.

In addition, Apache Tomcat is often embedded in other open source Java application servers, such as JBoss, Wildfly and Glassfish.

Apache has a variety of products that can support SSL technology and support multiple virtual hosts. Apache is a process-based structure, which consumes more system overhead than threads, and is not suitable for multiprocessor environments. Therefore, when an Apache Web site is expanded, it is usually to add servers or cluster nodes rather than processors. By far, Apache is still the most used Web server in the world, with a market share of about 60%. Many famous Yahoo!, W3 Consortium and Financial Times in the world are the products of Apache. Its success mainly lies in its open source code, an open development team, support for cross-platform applications (which can run on almost all Unix, Windows, Linux system platforms) and its portability.

The birth of Apache is very dramatic. When the NCSA WWW server project came to a standstill, people who used the NCSA WWW server began to exchange patches for the server, and they quickly realized that it was necessary to set up a forum to manage these patches. In this way, Apache Group was born, and the group later created Apache based on NCSA. If you are going to choose a Web server, there is no doubt that Apache is your best choice.

Node.js

NNode.js is a Javascript runtime environment (runtime environment), released in May 2009, developed by Ryan Dahl, essentially encapsulating the Chrome V8 engine. Node.js optimizes some special use cases to provide an alternative API to make V8 run better in a non-browser environment.

The V8 engine executes Javascript very fast and the performance is very good. [1] Node.js is a platform based on Chrome JavaScript runtime, which is used to build network applications with fast response and easy to expand. Node.js uses event-driven, non-blocking Istroke O model to make it lightweight and efficient, which is very suitable for running data-intensive real-time applications on distributed devices.

Compared with other popular web servers, Node.js is different from other popular Web servers in that it is a cross-platform running environment for building network applications and has an event-driven architecture that can be competent for asynchronous Imax 0. These design choices optimize the data throughput and scalability of applications and support real-time communications and web games. Node.js also highlights the differences in the web development stack, and Node.js clearly shows that the idea of being part of the HTML, CSS, or JavaScript stack is the opposite of Apache or NGINX being part of several different software stacks at the same time.

Node.js is released under a hybrid licensing agreement, and more information can be found on the project website.

In a few years, Node.JS has gradually developed into a mature development platform, attracting many developers. Many large, high-traffic websites are developed in Node.JS. In addition, developers can use it to develop some fast mobile Web frameworks.

In addition to Web applications, NodeJS is also used in many ways. NodeJS has developed ten amazing projects in other areas, including application monitoring, media streaming, remote control, desktop and mobile applications, and so on.

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