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Introduction and configuration of VTP Protocol

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol): is the VLAN trunk protocol, also known as the virtual LAN trunk protocol. It is a Cisco private protocol. The function is that more than a dozen switches are in the enterprise network, and there is a large amount of work to configure VLAN, so they can use VTP protocol to configure one switch as VTP Server and the other switches as VTP Client, so that they can automatically learn the VLAN information on the server.

It is a communication protocol of the second layer of the OSI reference model, which is mainly used to manage the establishment, deletion and renaming of VLANs within the network scope of the same domain. When a new VLAN is configured on a VTP Server, the configuration information for that VLAN is automatically propagated to all other switches in the domain. These switches automatically receive these configuration information, making their VLAN configuration consistent with VTP Server, thus reducing the workload of configuring the same VLAN information on multiple devices and maintaining the unity of VLAN configuration.

VTP maintains VLAN configuration uniformity over the network (ISL frames or cisco private DTP frames). VTP manages added, deleted, and adjusted VLAN at the system level and automatically broadcasts information to other switches in the network. In addition, VTP reduces configurations that can cause security problems. It is easy to manage. As long as you make the appropriate settings in vtp server, vtp client will automatically learn the vlan information on vtp server.

* when using multiple names, VLAN can become a cross-join.

* when they are mismapped on one and other Lans, VLAN can become internally disconnected.

VTP operates in three modes: VTP Server, VTP Client, and VTP Transparent. The default configuration of a new switch when it comes out of the factory is preconfigured as a server in VLAN1,VTP mode. In general, there is only one VTP Server for the entire network in a VTP domain. VTP Server maintains a list of all VLAN information in the VTP domain. VTP Server can establish, delete or modify VLAN, send and forward relevant notification information, synchronize vlan configuration, and save the configuration in NVRAM. Although VTP Client also maintains a list of all VLAN information, its VLAN configuration information is learned from VTP Server. VTP Client cannot establish, delete or modify VLAN, but it can forward advertisements, synchronize vlan configurations, and do not save configurations to NVRAM. VTP Transparent is equivalent to an independent switch, it does not participate in VTP work, does not learn the configuration information of VLAN from VTP Server, but only has the VLAN information maintained by itself on this device. VTP Transparent can create, delete, and modify VLAN information on the local machine, while forwarding announcements and saving the configuration to NVRAM.

VTP domain

The VLAN domain, also known as the VTP management domain, consists of more than one switch that shares the VTP domain name and connects to each other. In other words, a VTP domain is a group of switches that have the same VTP domain name and are connected to each other through trunk links.

The following are the requirements for the VTP domain:

1. Every switch in the domain must use the same domain name, whether it is implemented through configuration or automatically learned by switching.

2. Calalyst switches must be adjacent, that is, adjacent switches need to have the same domain name.

3. Trunk links must be configured between all Calalyst switches.

If any of the above conditions are not met, the VTP domain cannot be connected and the information cannot be transmitted across separate parts.

Case 1: using 3 Cisco 3640 Series switches

Sw1 configuration:

Enable

Config

No ip routing

Int f0/0

Switchport mode trunka

Int f0/1

Switchport mode trunk

Exit

Int vlan 1

Ip add 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0

Exit

Vlan database

Vtp domain cisco

Vtp password 1234

Sw2 configuration:

Enable

Config

No ip routing

Int f0/0

Switchport mode trunk

Exit

Vlan database

Vtp client

Vtp domain cisco

Vtp password 1234

Sw3 configuration:

Enable

Config

No ip routing

Int f0/1

Switchport mode trunk

Exit

Vlan database

Vtp client

Vtp domain cisco

Vtp password 1234

Such a vtp is complete, you can add or remove vlan on the server, and see how the client has changed.

Note: when adding ports to vlan on server, client cannot learn and cannot synchronize information.

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