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Virtualization

Definition:

Change the hardware resources from physical mode to logical mode, break the original physical structure, enable users to manage these resources flexibly, and allow multiple operating systems to run on one physical machine at the same time. A technology that maximizes resource utilization and flexible management.

Advantages:

(1) reduce the number of servers and reduce the cost of hardware procurement.

(2) maximize the utilization of resources.

(3) reduce the cost of computer room space, heat dissipation and electricity consumption.

(4) dynamic adjustment of hardware resources. Increase flexibility.

(5) High availability.

(6) physical hardware adjustment can be carried out without interrupting the service.

(7) reduce the cost of management.

(8) have more efficient disaster preparedness capability.

VMware vSphere

Enterprise-class virtualization solutions. The core component is EXSi.

EXSi:

Is the operating system, using the linux kernel (VMKernel), bare metal installed on the physical server.

VSphere:

Virtualized servers:

Physical servers that provide CPU and memory virtualization resources through network services. ESXi can be installed directly on the hardware.

Storage network:

Core, store virtualized data. Resources are centrally managed and allocated by vSphere, and storage technologies such as SAN,NAS can be used.

Network Services:

Connect all devices with no less than gigabit network bandwidth.

Centralized Management Server (vCenter):

VMotion (dynamic Migration)

HA (downtime Migration)

Multiple EXSi can be grouped into a cluster, and then unified management and resource sharing.

Client (vClient):

Users connect to ESXi or vCenter to manage and allocate various resources.

There are vClient and WebvClient.

Version of vSphere:

Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Enterprise enhanced Edition.

License for vSphere:

There is a default evaluation period of 60 days.

The license key assigned by ESXi can be assigned in any combination.

Installation environment:

ESXi5.5

Server selection:

Rack type and blade type.

Brand.

Hardware selection:

The 64-bit system x86CPU server is running.

CPU of at least 2 cores.

4GB physical memory.

Turn on hardware virtualization.

Gigabit Ethernet.

Controller:

SCSI controller.

RAID controller.

Hardware compatibility:

Https://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/search.php

Minimum hardware configuration for vClient5.5:

CPU, single core, recommended 1GHZ processor.

Memory, recommended 1GB

Hard disk 1.5GB

Network gigabit network

Virtual network card:

E1000:

A virtual version of the Intel 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet card is available on most systems.

VMXNET:

VMware Tools must be installed before you can use it.

VMXNET2:

Provide powerful functions. Hardware uninstall.

VMXNET3:

High-performance quasi-virtualized network card.

Vcenter Server:

At the core of the infrastructure, resources are shared between virtual machines.

Is a service that acts as a central administrator for ESXi hosts connected to the network.

Install prerequisites:

(1) vCenter Single Sign-On

Authentication services, secure token exchange mechanisms communicate with each other.

(2) vCenter Inventory Service:

Stores application and manifest data to search for and access manifest objects.

(3) vSphere Web vClient:

The browser manages the application of the ESXi host.

Installation environment:

Operating system:

Using 64-bit windows Server 2008

1 database, oracle and SQL server

Connect to the database using the 64-bit system DSN.

Hardware requirements:

2 CPU cores, speed 2GHz

Memory size determines list size

The list size determines how many virtual machines can be controlled.

Install vSphere Web vClient:

Hardware configuration:

Cpu 2.0GHz quad core processor

Memory 2GB

Hard disk 2GB

Network gigabit network

ESXi Network:

Physical network:

Enable normal communication between physical servers.

Virtual Network:

Based on the physical network.

A network of virtual machines running on ESXi hosts logically connected to each other in order to communicate with each other.

ESXi network components:

(1) physical network card (vmnic)

Connect multiple physical network devices.

(2) Virtual network card (VNIC)

Connect the virtual switch to ensure proper communication with each other.

(3) Virtual switch (vSwitch)

Provided by the ESXi kernel

Ensure communication between the virtual machine and the management interface.

Divided into:

Standard switch:

Three types of port groups.

Virtual machine port group:

Connect virtual machines on the ESXi and communicate with each other. Can be connected to the external network (vmnic).

VMKernel:

ESXi hosts provide the advanced functions of vSphere through network connections.

NIC Tearm:

Connect multiple vmnic to the same port / port group at the same time to increase throughput. Link redundancy.

Distributed switches:

Multiple ESXi can be managed centrally.

Unified management of costs, traffic monitoring and control, and private vlan for multiple ESXi

Provides distributed ports / port groups.

Port group members are ports of VMKernel or vNIC connected to ESXi hosts and can be configured for each port.

Can be defined to connect to the network through distributed switching.

ESXi storage:

ESXi storage:

Provides host-level storage virtualization.

Divided into:

Local Storage:

Storage systems such as SCSI,IDE,SATE,SAS. Sharing is not supported between multiple ESXi hosts.

External storage:

External storage through network connection, SAN,iSCSi, NFS and other storage protocols

Data can be accessed by multiple ESXi hosts and can be realized by vMotion.

Openfiler:

Free NAS/iscsi SAN server system.

Provides a stand-alone storage system for LAN hosts.

There are many connection methods, such as NFS,SMB,iscsi,Target.

HTTP management, access to data can be achieved through: iscsi initiator, shared folder and mount.

VMotion:

To achieve thermal migration, easy to maintain and reduce failures.

Migration process:

(1) vcenter verifies the status of virtual machines and ESXi hosts.

(2) the source ESXi host clones the virtual machine memory to the new ESXi host.

(3) the source ESXi host records the memory information on the memory map and clones it to the new ESXi host.

(4) the new EXSi recovers the memory data according to the memory map.

(5) finally, run the virtual machine on the new EXSi host. Delete memory data on the source ESXi host.

Request:

Must be connected to the physical network

The virtual machine to be migrated must be stored in external shared storage.

1 gigabit network card is used for vMotion.

Standard switch, all ESXi hosts have the same port group network label.

The CPU brand is the same.

Storage and virtual host management

VCenter:

Full clone:

It is completely independent of the original virtual machine, does not share resources with the original virtual machine, and uses independently from the original virtual machine.

Link the clone:

Share the same virtual disk file with the original virtual machine and cannot run independently from the original virtual machine.

Virtual machine template:

Initiated through a template every time you need to clone a similar virtual machine.

Virtual machine snapshot:

Backup of VMDK files for virtual machines at some point in time.

When taking a snapshot, the source VMDK is frozen and is read-only.

Create a snapshot file at the same time. All modified data is written to the snapshot file.

Snapshot restore:

The system discards the contents of the snapshot file and rolls back to the state of the source VMDK file.

Note: the source VMDK file is corrupted and will not be recovered normally.

Virtual machine backup:

OVF template:

An open, public, secure virtual machine compression format with the extension .ova.

VDP (vSphere Data Protection):

Reliable and easy to deploy. Perform efficient and centralized management of backup jobs.

Store backups on deduplicated target storage.

Version:

VDP:

Supports storage space for up to 100 virtual machines and 2TB.

VDP Advanced:

Supports storage space for 400 virtual machines and 8TB.

Application-level replication is supported.

Perform guest-level backup and recovery.

However, permission is required to use it.

VPower:

For data protection in a virtualized environment.

Ensure reliability, improve data protection and disaster recovery.

How it works:

Publish the compressed backup as a normal VMDK file.

Run the virtual machine directly from the backup.

Create an isolated environment. Application recovery, recovery verification, testing and troubleshooting.

Veeam Backup & Replication:

Support vmware and Hyper-v to reduce disaster recovery costs.

Advantages:

Instant virtual machine recovery.

U-AIR (generic application recovery)

SureBackup recovery verification

SmartCDP data protection.

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