Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

I. Management authority and ownership

1. Permission overview

Document ownership

Owner (u): The user who owns this file/directory-user

Belonging group (g): The group that owns this file/directory-group

Other Users (o): Users other than the owner and the group to which they belong-other

access

Read (r): Allow content to be viewed-read

Write (w): Allow content modification-write

Executable (x): Allow run and toggle-excute

2. View permissions ls -l

# ls -l /etc/passwd

-|rw-|r--|r--. 1 root root 2481 Feb 23 09:37 /etc/passwd

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩

Order of authority interpretation: ① ① ② ③④

① Document type

- file

D directory

l Links

Authority of the owner.

r = 4 Read

w = 2 write

x = 1 Executable

- no

③ Permission of the group to which it belongs

r = 4 Read

w = 2 write

x = 1 Executable

- no

④ Other users 'rights

r = 4 Read

w = 2 write

x = 1 Executable

- no

5 Number of links

File: Number of links

Directory: How many subdirectories (. ..）

6 Owner

Group 7

File size

File creation time

File/directory name

3. Change file ownership

# chown owner: file/directory change owner of file/directory

# chown : group files/directories Change the group to which a file/directory belongs

# chown Owner: Belongs to group files/directories Change the owner and group of files/directories

-R recursion

eg：

[root@ntd1711 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/*

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# mkdir /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chown student /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# id student

[root@ntd1711 ~]# useradd student

[root@ntd1711 ~]# id student

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chown student /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chown :users /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chown root:root /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

4. Change file/directory permissions

chmod command

Format: chmod [ugoa][+-=][rwx] Document path...

-R: Recursive modification (including all subdirectories and documents in subdirectories)

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chmod g-rx,o-rx /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chmod u-w,g=rx /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# chmod a=rwx /tmp/studir/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /tmp/studir

II. Backup and Recovery

1. Create/release zip packs

a. compressed zip

Format: zip [-ry] Backup file.zip File path...

eg：

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /boot/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /opt/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# zip -ry /opt/boot_bak.zip /boot/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /opt

b. Decompression

Format: unzip backup file.zip [-d destination folder]

Format: unzip backup file.zip

eg：

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /tmp/todir

[root@ntd1711 ~]# unzip -d /tmp/todir /opt/boot_bak.zip

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /tmp/todir

2. Create/release. tarpack

a. Create.tar package and compress

basic usage

Format: tar -zcPf Backup file.tar.gz Document path...

Format: tar -jcPf Backup file.tar.bz2 Document path...

Format: tar -JcPf Backup File.tar.xz Document Path...

eg：

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls -ld /var/log/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# du -sh /var/log/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# mkdir -p /tmp/day03

[root@ntd1711 ~]# tar -zcPf /tmp/day03/log.tar.gz /var/log/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# tar -jcPf /tmp/day03/log.tar.bz2 /var/log/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# tar -JcPf /tmp/day03/log.tar.xz /var/log/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# du -sh /tmp/day03/*

b. Decompress the.tar package

basic usage

Format: tar-xPf backup file.tar.gz

Format: tar -xf backup file.tar.bz2

Format: tar -xf backup file.tar.xz [-C destination folder]

eg:

[root@ntd1711 ~]# cd /tmp/day03/

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# tar -xf log.tar.gz

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# rm -rf var

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# tar -xf log.tar.bz2

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# rm -rf var

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# tar -xf log.tar.xz

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

[root@ntd1711 day03]# rm -rf var

[root@ntd1711 day03]# ls

III. Access to CD-ROM and ISO image

1. Mount

mount device mount point (must be directory)

2. uninstall

umount equipment

mount mount point

3. Optical drive devices under Linux

/dev/sr0

/dev/cdrom

Lab: Access to CD-ROM Files

1. Put in the CD

Put iso files in optical drive

2. Mount

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /mnt/dvd

[root@ntd1711 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/dvd

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /mnt/dvd/

[root@ntd1711 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvd/

3. Access to CD content

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /mnt/dvd/

4. uninstall

[root@ntd1711 ~]# umount /mnt/dvd

[root@ntd1711 ~]# ls /mnt/dvd/

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