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This article mainly introduces what a complete microcomputer system should include, which can be used for reference by interested friends. I hope you will gain a lot after reading this article. Let's take a look at it.

A complete microcomputer system should include hardware system and software system. The computer system consists of a hardware system and a software system; the former is an organic combination of various physical components formed by the principles of electricity, magnetism, light and machinery, and is the entity on which the system relies for work; the latter is a variety of programs and documents, used to direct the whole system to work according to the specified requirements.

Computer system refers to the computer hardware and software and network system used for database management. Database systems need large-capacity main memory to store and run operating systems, database management system programs, applications, databases, directories, system buffers, etc., while auxiliary storage requires large-capacity direct access equipment. In addition, the system should have strong network function.

A machine system that receives and stores information according to human requirements, automatically processes and calculates data, and outputs result information. Computer is the extension and expansion of brainpower and one of the great achievements of modern science.

The characteristics of computer system

The computer system is characterized by accurate and fast calculation and judgment, good versatility, easy to use, and can be connected into a network.

① computing: almost all complex calculations can be realized by computers through arithmetic and logic operations.

② judgment: the computer has the ability to distinguish different situations and choose different treatments, so it can be used in management, control, confrontation, decision-making, reasoning and other fields.

③ storage: computers can store huge amounts of information.

④ accuracy: as long as the word length is long enough, the calculation accuracy is theoretically unlimited.

⑤ Fast: the time required for a single operation of a computer has been reduced to nanoseconds.

⑥ universal: computers are programmable, and different programs can achieve different applications.

⑦ easy to use: rich high-performance software and intelligent man-machine interface, greatly convenient to use.

⑧ networking: multiple computer systems can transcend geographical boundaries and share remote information and software resources with the help of communication networks.

The composition of a computer system

The computer system consists of hardware (subsystem) system and software (subsystem) system. The former is an organic combination of various physical components formed by the principles of electricity, magnetism, light and machinery, and is the entity on which the system works. The latter is a variety of procedures and documents used to direct the work of the whole system in accordance with specified requirements.

Hardware

The hardware system is mainly composed of CPU, memory, input and output control system and various external devices. Central processing unit (CPU) is the main component for high-speed processing of information, and its processing speed can reach more than hundreds of millions of operations per second. Memory is used to store programs, data and files, which is often composed of fast internal memory (capacity up to hundreds of megabytes or even several gigabytes) and slow mass external memory (capacity up to tens of gigabytes or more than hundreds of gigabytes). Various input and output external devices are information converters between man and machine, and the input-output control system manages the information exchange between the external devices and the main memory (central processing unit).

Software

Software is divided into system software, supporting software and application software. The system software is composed of operating system, utility program, compiler and so on. The operating system implements the management and control of various software and hardware resources. The utility is designed for the convenience of users, such as text editing, etc. The function of a compiler is to translate programs written by users in assembly language or some high-level language into machine-executable machine language programs. The supporting software includes interface software, tool software, environmental database and so on. It can support the environment of the machine and provide software development tools. The supporting software can also be considered as part of the system software. Application software is a special program written by users according to their own needs. it runs with the help of system software and supporting software, and is the outermost layer of the software system.

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