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A brief introduction to Linux

1.Linux abstract interpretation

There must be someone like me who has heard the word Linux a long time ago, but has never touched it. Then Baidu looked at the full orders and was stunned. I didn't know where to start learning. I believe everyone must have used the Windows system, or also used the Mac system, in fact, Linux is the same as these Windows, Mac, are systems, but different forms are presented to the user experience.

What kind of system is 2.Linux?

I have heard some beginners say that Linux has a graphical interface, while others say that Linux can only rely on typing commands. In fact, Linux has a graphical version as well as a character version. First of all, let's talk about the Linux system with a graphical interface (with a desktop), which is similar to the Windows system you use today, which uses mouse clicks to complete the operations that users need, while the Linux character version can only complete the operation by entering commands. What is an order? For example, in Windows to view the calendar, is to click the calendar with the mouse to view, while in the character version of the Linux system, when we enter the "cal" command, the system is to display the calendar, "cal" is to order the Linux system to display the calendar. Someone said, "Why do you need a character version of a Linux system with a graphical interface?" First of all, Linux is open source, the execution speed is high, and its use as a server will also reduce the probability of being attacked. Linux is generally used as a server, and there is little use of the graphical version of Linux in enterprises, so our next tutorials are based on the character version of Linux, so start learning with me!

Suggestions for beginners of Linux

Before learning Linux, I hope you can pay attention to a few points.

1. In the Linux system, all content is stored in the form of files.

two。 When we learn the character version of the Linux system, the commands we enter are strictly case-sensitive.

Files in 3.Linux do not distinguish file types by suffix names, but by permissions, which will be discussed in later tutorials

Programs in 4.windows system cannot be installed and used in Linux system directly.

5. When we insert a flash drive or other storage device, the Linux cannot be read and used directly, we need a mount process before we can use it. What is mounting? Please learn patiently)

Start to install your own Linux system

1. Before we begin, we need to do two preparations.

1 download the Vmware virtual machine installation package

Because this is a beginner linux system, it is not necessary to install a linux system on our own computer, after all, there will be no double systems on our real server, and we also avoid destroying our own Windows system, so we adopt a virtual machine approach, which can simulate a real computer and support the installation of a variety of operating systems to facilitate our learning.

2 download the Centos 6.3image file

Centos 6.3 is the file we need to install Linux, for example, we also need an iso image file to install a windows system. Here we can go to Centos official download, it is recommended that you download the version does not need to be too high, because we are beginners, higher version of the system we do not need to use a lot of things, so there is no need to waste resources. (partners who cannot find resources can visit https://www.battions.com/ to download, and will provide a variety of learning materials and installation software for download later.)

two。 Install the Vmware virtual machine

Windows installation software is very convenient, and we install other software is the same, I choose here is the version of Vmware14, you can choose the version according to your own requirements.

3. Create a new virtual machine

This interface is opened after installing Vmware, some of which will be different because of different versions, and most of them are more or less the same.

Here we choose to create a new virtual machine, and if there is a virtual machine before, we can also choose to open the virtual machine, because we choose to create a new virtual machine as soon as we are beginners. Click on the new virtual machine to pop up the installation wizard, we choose a typical installation, if it is your technology big cow can also choose custom. Next, we choose the installation source, and we choose to install the operating system later, so that we can install the system step by step and increase the significance of learning. The next step is to choose the operating system that needs to be installed, choose Linux, before we download Centos6.3, the following version will choose Centos6, if there is no choice of Centos6 version, it is because your Vmware version is too low.

After clicking the next step, select the location where the virtual machine is installed. It is recommended that you install a directory, not directly to disk D or other disks. If we want to delete the virtual machine, delete the directory directly. The disk size defaults to 20GB. Click finish to create a new virtual machine. Next, we need to install the linux system on the virtual machine.

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4. Install the Linux system for the virtual machine

First of all, we need to set up the virtual machine to use the CentOS-6.3-i386-bin-DVD1.iso file we downloaded, then click the boot power supply is the green triangle, load the Linux installation page, explain some of the meaning of these sentences in English (below), we just choose 1, install a new linux system. Next, we will self-check whether the system is satisfied with the installation, and then we will be prompted to check the CD, because we downloaded the CD ourselves, so there is no need to test skip, which will only waste more time.

In the installation process, use the keyboard to select, right-click with the mouse to enter the virtual machine system operation, press Ctrl+Alt to operate your own system

1 Install or rupgrade an existing system / / install or upgrade an existing system

2 Install system with basic video driver / / basic graphics card driver is used in the installation process

3 Rescue installed system / / enter system repair mode

4 Boot from local drive / / exit the installation and boot from the hard disk

5 Memory test / / Storage Media Detection

Next is the real installation Linux system installation options operation, click NEXT to select the language Chinese, the keyboard to select American English. When it comes to selecting the device type, we select the basic device. See prompt storage device warning, because our new system so choose "Yes, abandon data", and then enter the host name, generally default on it, the city select "Asia / Shanghai", set the login password (password requires more than 8 characters, need to have case, numbers, characters), the password had better be changed once a month to ensure security. After the next step, select the installation type, since we are learning to install, we choose the last item to establish a custom split format. Lakala Finance

To distinguish and format our Linux system, we also need to partition and format the hard drive when we install the windows system. Files cannot be saved without a formatted hard drive. Please follow the following steps and make no mistake, which may result in the failure to start Linux. The sda we see is our first hard drive, we select the standard partition and click create. (figure 1 below)

What is the mount point?

Mounting is equivalent to the process of formatting hard disk partitions by windows, and the mount point is equivalent to C disk, D disk and E disk in our windows system.

1 choose the system mount point, the first step is to select Boot,Boot is what we need when the system starts, the size of 200 megabytes is enough. (figure 2 below)

2 swap partition, swap does not have a mount point when partitioning, because swap is not for our users, but for the linux kernel. The size of 1G is enough. We are partitioning the swap. We cannot find swap at the mount point. Under the mount point, we can select swap for a system type. (figure 3 below)

3 and then divided into home partition, this generally according to their own needs, for example, the general file server files are stored under the home partition, this will be more secure, the size of 2 G.

4 finally, in the "root directory" partition, the root directory is to select the mount point of the first "/", and then there is a selection box "choose the maximum value", 4 partitions are enough.

The final division is like this, why the final division of the root directory, there will be more than a sda5, we remember that a hard disk can only be divided into four at most, when we get to the fourth, the system is not sure whether we need to continue to divide, so the final partition becomes an extended partition at the beginning of multiple logical partitions. You can follow the figure below to compare whether the partition is correct, and if it is not correct, you can delete and redivide it. Then select the next step, prompting whether it needs to be formatted (remember that partitions that are not formatted cannot be written to data), and we choose formatting. After clicking next, we will select the installation type. Here I would like to explain several, first: Desktop (desktop), the above told you that the Linux system also has a graphical version, this option is to install the desktop version of the Linux system, if you are interested, you can install it. Second: Basic Server (basic server), this is a character type, most install some commonly used commands to provide us with learning, so we can choose Basic Server, click on the next step to start the installation, need a waiting process, can not be square.

After the installation is complete, click restart and wait a moment for Linux installation. At the beginning, Linux will let us log in (as shown below, this is already logged in). Enter "root" for the user name. Root is the most powerful and has the highest authority. At the beginning, no other users are created, so log in with root. Enter root enter and you will be prompted to enter the password. Unlike windows, there is no * when entering the password (the password is the password entered when installing the system). In fact, when you enter the password, Linux is already recording the password, but will not give any prompt. Enter the password and enter the password directly. "[root@localhost ~]" appears after a successful login, where root represents the logged-in user and localhost represents the local machine. At this point, the content of this chapter is finished, quickly drink a sip of water pressure shock, rest well in the back digestion.

5. Summary

This chapter has a preliminary explanation for Linux. Using Vmware to install a Linux system requires great patience in learning Linux. If you encounter problems, think carefully about which step is wrong.

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