Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

The editor will share with you what is the basis for the division of electronic computers. I hope you will gain something after reading this article. Let's discuss it together.

The development of electronic computers has gone through four generations, which is divided on the basis of "electronic components that make up computers"; vacuum tubes are used in the first generation of computers, transistors are used in the second generation of computers, and medium and small-scale integrated circuits are used in the third generation of computers. The fourth generation of computers uses large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits.

Computer (computer), commonly known as computer, is a modern electronic computing machine for high-speed computing, which can not only carry out numerical calculation, but also logical calculation, but also has the function of storage and memory. It is a modern intelligent electronic device that can run according to the program and process large amounts of data automatically and at high speed.

The development of electronic computer has gone through four generations, and its division is based on "the electronic components that make up the computer".

The first generation: tube digital machine (1946-1958)

In terms of hardware, the logic element uses vacuum tube, the main memory uses mercury delay line, cathode ray oscilloscope tube electrostatic memory, magnetic drum, magnetic core, and the external memory uses magnetic tape. Machine language and assembly language are used in software. The main application fields are military and scientific computing.

The disadvantages are large size, high power consumption and poor reliability. Slow (usually thousands to tens of thousands of times per second) and expensive, but laid the foundation for future computer development.

The second generation: transistor digital machine (1958-1964)

The application fields of operating systems, high-level languages and their compilers in software are mainly scientific computing and transaction processing, and begin to enter the field of industrial control. It is characterized by reduced size, reduced energy consumption, improved reliability, improved operation speed (generally 100000 times per second, up to 3 million times), and the performance is much higher than that of the first generation computer.

The third generation: integrated circuit digital machines (1964-1970)

In terms of hardware, the logic components use small and medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI, SSI), and the main memory still uses magnetic cores. In the aspect of software, there are time-sharing operating system and structured and large-scale programming methods. It is characterized by faster speed (usually millions to tens of millions of times per second), significant improvement in reliability, further decline in prices, and products moving towards generalization, serialization and standardization. The field of application begins to enter the field of word processing and graphics and image processing.

The fourth generation: large-scale integrated circuit computers (1970-present)

In terms of hardware, the logic components use large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits (LSI and VLSI). In the aspect of software, there are database management system, network management system and object-oriented language. In 1971, the world's first microprocessor was born in Silicon Valley in the United States, ushering in a new era of microcomputers. The application field is gradually moving from scientific computing, transaction management and process control to the family.

After reading this article, I believe you have a certain understanding of "what is the basis for the division of electronic computers". If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel. Thank you for your reading!

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