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This article mainly explains "what are the advantages of layer 7 load balancing". Interested friends may wish to take a look. The method introduced in this paper is simple, fast and practical. Let's let the editor take you to learn what are the advantages of layer 7 load balancing.

The difference between layer 7 load balancing and layer 4 load balancing

Layer 4 load balancing is performed in the intermediate transport layer, which handles the delivery of messages, regardless of the content of the messages. For example, TCP is the layer 4 protocol for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic on the network. In this process, layer 4 load balancer forwards the network packet to the upstream server, but does not check the contents of the packet, and can only make limited routing decisions by examining the first few packets in the TCP flow.

Layer 7 load balancing is different from layer 4 load balancing. it is executed on the advanced application layer and handles the actual content of each message. HTTP is the main layer 7 protocol for website traffic on the network. Layer 7 load balancing routes network traffic in a more complex way than layer 4 load balancing, especially for TCP-based traffic (such as HTTP). Layer 7 load balancer terminates network traffic and reads messages in the reader, which can make load balancing decisions based on the content of the message, such as URL or cookie. Subsequently, the layer 7 load balancer establishes a new TCP connection with the selected server and writes the request to the server.

Benefits of layer 7 load balancing

Layer 7 load balancing accounts for more CPU than packet-based layer 4 load balancing, but rarely leads to server performance degradation. Layer 7 load balancing allows load balancers to make more informed decisions and optimize and change content, such as compression, encryption, and so on. Layer 7 load balancer can also use buffering to unload slow connections from upstream servers to improve performance.

Components that perform 7-tier load balancing are often referred to as reverse proxy servers.

Layer 7 load balancing example

As a simple example, suppose a user visits a high-traffic website, and during the session, he or she may request static content (such as images or videos), dynamic content (such as news feeds), or transaction information (such as order status), and so on. Layer 7 load balancing allows load balancers to route requests based on messages in the request itself, such as content types. That is, requests for images or videos can be routed to the server where they are stored and highly optimized to provide multimedia content; requests for transaction information such as discounted prices can be routed to the application server responsible for managing pricing. With layer 7 load balancing, network and application architects can create a highly optimized server infrastructure or application delivery network that scales effectively while ensuring reliability.

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