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This article mainly shows you the "sample analysis of MySQL high-availability keepalived programs", which is easy to understand and well-organized. I hope it can help you solve your doubts. Let the editor lead you to study and study the "sample analysis of MySQL high-availability keepalived solutions".

Experimental environment

Mysql master: 192.168.111.52

Mysql slave: 192.168.111.53

Keepalived vip: 192.168.111.60

, the construction process

1. The construction of two hosts of mysql.

① can change master each other. Omit this process here and focus on keepalived.

2. Keepalived correlation

① yum-y install keepalived install keepalived

② root@192.168.111.52:~# keepalived-v

Keepalived v1.2.7 (02Universe 21 Magi 2013)

③ Editor / etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

Click (here) to collapse or open

Root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

Global_defs {# # Global configuration

Notification_email {

Horand_gc@163.com # Mail recipient

}

Notification_email_from dba@163.com # message sender

Smtp_server smtp.163.com # SMTP server

Smtp_connect_timeout 30

Router_id haMySQL # routerID set to the same keepalived in the same group

}

Vrrp_script chk_mysql {# # configuration related to health detection

Script "/ etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" # setup script or direct command returns 0 indicates success > 0 indicates failure. Details can be found in the following script.

Interval 1 # detection interval

After weight 2 # detection fails, the priority is reduced by 2 (if master priority 100, slave priority 99, master detection fails, the priority is 100-2

< 99 ，则slave会提升为主) } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER ##### 设为master interface eth2 ##### 网卡设定 virtual_router_id 51 ##### 针对该 instance的虚拟id , 同一组 instance设置相同 priority 100 ##### 优先级设定 advert_int 1 ##### 检测时间间隔 authentication { auth_type PASS ##### 同一组instance之间的认证方式为 PASS ,pass 为7777 ，必须相同(防止 有用户恶意伪造 vrrp) auth_pass 7777 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.60 ##### 设置虚拟ip ,可以设置多个 } track_script { chk_mysql ##### 表示该instance 使用chk_mysql进行相关检测 } ##### 以下配置 在该实例 转换为 master,slave，或者出错的时候执行的脚本(可以设置邮件通知，或者处理一些其他问题) # notify_master "/etc/keepalived/change_master.sh" # notify_slave "/etc/keepalived/change_slave.sh" # notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/change_fault.sh" } root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { horand_gc@163.com } notification_email_from dba@163.com smtp_server smtp.163.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id haMySQL } vrrp_script chk_mysql { script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" interval 1 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP ##### 该主机作为备机 BACKUP interface eth2 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 ##### 优先级设置 小于 master advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 7777 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.60 } track_script { chk_mysql } } root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat chk_mysql.sh #!/bin/bash num=`ps -ef |grep mysqld | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##### 查看mysqld进程数量 ， 正常情况有一个root起的mysqld_safe守护进程，还有一个属于mysql用户的mysqld进程 [[ $num -eq 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1 3. 故障模拟 ① 启动 keepalived 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tail /var/log/messages Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Configuration is using : 7417 Bytes Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Configuration is using : 65552 Bytes Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Apr 29 13:45:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Configuration is using : 65550 Bytes Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Configuration is using : 7415 Bytes Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上 ② 关闭 111.52上面的mysql 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:19:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) failed Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:19:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election Apr 29 14:19:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Apr 29 14:19:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.53(master)上 ③ 启动111.52上面的mysql 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqld_safe & ; tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:24:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded Apr 29 14:24:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election Apr 29 14:24:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Apr 29 14:24:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上，也就是说111.52会持续通过track_script的脚本检查 ，若成功的话会恢复原来的优先级100 ，便把vip抢过来了(若不希望优先级高的直接上来直接抢占vip的话 需要再instance 里面配置 nopreempt ,backup无需设置) 虚拟server 以上是实验是通过 vrrp_script以及trace_script 实现优先级变换来实现故障转移的，现在看下 通过虚拟server怎么实现mysql的高可用 ① 配置 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { tab@taomee.com } notification_email_from dba@taomee.com smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id haMySQL } vrrp_script chk_mysql { script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" interval 1 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth2 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 nopreempt advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 7777 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.60 } # track_script { # chk_mysql # } } virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 { delay_loop 6 persistence_timeout 300 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.52 3306 { weight 1 notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh TCP_CHECK { tcp_port 3306 connect_timeout 3 } } } root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { tab@taomee.com } notification_email_from dba@taomee.com smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id haMySQL } vrrp_script chk_mysql { script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" interval 1 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth2 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 7777 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.60 } # track_script { #########这里先注释掉 通过追踪脚本的检查 # chk_mysql # } } virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 { delay_loop 6 persistence_timeout 300 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务 weight 1 #### 权重，用来多真实服务 均衡使用 notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh ####在检查该服务不可用时执行该脚本(用来杀死 keepalived 实现 vip 飘逸) TCP_CHECK { tcp_port 3306 #### 检查端口 继承 real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务 connect_timeout 3 #### tcp超时时间 } } } root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh #!/bin/bash killall keepalived ②启动keepalived 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# keepalived root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Configuration is using : 64590 Bytes Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Scheduler not found Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Service not defined Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 Apr 29 14:48:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Apr 29 14:48:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# keepalived root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Configuration is using : 11673 Bytes Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Configuration is using : 64568 Bytes Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Scheduler not found Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Service not defined Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.53]:3306 此时 ip a 命令可以查看虚拟ip 111.60 在111.52(master) 上 ③关闭 111.52上的mysql 点击(此处)折叠或打开 root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown 2017-04-29T07:07:38.121123Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended [1]+ Done mysqld_safe root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: TCP connection to [192.168.111.52]:3306 failed !!! Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Removing service [192.168.111.52]:3306 from VS [192.168.111.60]:3306 Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: Service not defined Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Executing [/etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh] for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 in VS [192.168.111.60]:3306 Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 >

0 for VS [192.168.111.60]: 3306

Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers [23405]: Remote SMTP server [0.0.0.0]: 25 connected.

Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived [23404]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7

Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers [23405]: IPVS: No such service

Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp [23406]: VRRP_Instance (VI_1) sending 0 priority

Root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf / var/log/messages

Apr 29 15:07:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp [26815]: VRRP_Instance (VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Apr 29 15:07:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp [26815]: VRRP_Instance (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

At this point, the ip a command can see the virtual ip 111.60 on 111.53 (the new master)

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