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This article mainly introduces "how to understand computer information processing". In daily operation, I believe that many people have doubts about how to understand computer information processing. The editor consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out simple and easy-to-use operation methods. I hope it will be helpful for you to answer the doubts about "how to understand computer information processing"! Next, please follow the editor to study!

The reason why the computer can become a powerful information processing tool, plays an extremely important role in modern society, is determined by its own excellent characteristics. The electronic computer integrates the functions of receiving information, memorizing information, processing information, outputting information and so on. It is precisely said that the electronic computer is a multi-purpose modern information processor composed of electronic components.

The process of processing information by a computer

Electronic computer simulates and replaces part of the mental work. Although it has a strong ability, it only works according to people's will and processes information automatically and at a high speed according to people's pre-programmed programs. The process of processing information by electronic computer is the induction and improvement of the methods and rules commonly used by people to deal with problems. Take the calculation of "30-4" 6 as an example to illustrate the working process of the computer:

1. Input the pre-scheduled calculation steps and original data (formulas, commands, etc.) into the memory by the input device.

2. The relevant components shall be directed by the controller to complete the specified operation according to the calculation steps:

(1) first, carry out the multiplication operation, take the data 4 and 6 from the memory and send them to the arithmetic unit, carry on the multiplication operation, and get the product number 24.

(2) the intermediate result 24 is stored in the memory

(3) the subtraction operation is carried out, the subtraction 30 and the subtraction 24 are taken from the memory and sent to the arithmetic unit, the subtraction operation is carried out, and the result 6 is obtained.

(4) send the result 6 in the arithmetic unit to the memory.

3. Send the final result in memory to an output device (such as a monitor or printer) to display or print the answer.

From the analysis of the above process, we can clearly see the functions of the basic components of the computer and the relationship between them: the controller directs the other parts to work together according to the program compiled by people; the arithmetic unit undertakes the specific calculation task; the memory is like a warehouse, storing data and instructions; the input device sends a series of instructions and data to the internal memory. The output device transmits the results through a certain way (such as display, printing, drawing graphics, etc.), the whole system is a very delicate and coordinated organic whole.

The order in which computers process information can also be summarized as input-processing-output.

The expression of information is varied, and the examples of computer information processing are numerous. It is not only limited to arithmetic processing, but also has made great progress in the processing of language, text, sound, image and other information.

Information representation in computer

The storage, processing and transmission of all information such as numbers, characters, Chinese characters and programs in the electronic computer are represented by binary code.

1. Binary number

The "decimal system" is often used to count in daily life. The decimal system uses ten digits of "0-9" and counts according to the principle of "every decimal to one". On the other hand, the binary number is used in the computer, and it is used as the "language" for the computer to transmit information.

First of all, it is convenient to use binary numbers. It is represented only by the digits "0" and "1" and counted according to the principle of "every binary one" (the corresponding relationship between binary and decimal numbers is shown in Table 1.2.1). A large number of electronic components are used in electronic computers, in which the two states are the easiest to achieve, such as the on and off of the circuit, the presence and absence of pulses, the high and low potential and so on. These two states are also the most stable, and it is easy to control the circuit itself. A device that has two different stable states and can be converted to each other can be expressed as a binary number. In electricity, there are many things that use two stable states to represent "0" and "1". For example, by making use of the bistable working characteristics of electronic components, the break of the circuit can represent "0" and the pass of the circuit represents "1". Again, the lamp off means "0", the electric light indicates "1" and so on. If we use "decimal" instead of "binary", we need to find out the electronic components with ten stable states, which is difficult to find, so the representation of "binary number" in electronic components is the easiest to achieve.

Table 1 comparison table for conversion of binary and decimal numbers

Binary system

Decimal system 000000011301106100190001101004011171010001020101510008101111

The arithmetic operation of using "binary number" is also relatively simple, and the manufacturing cost is more economical. There are four rules for binary addition and multiplication formulas: addition, zero zero, one hundred, one hundred and ten, and the decimal addition and multiplication formulas are from zero zero to nine nine, and there are 100 rules for decimal addition and multiplication from zero zero to nine nine.

2. Binary code

Numbers in electronic computers are expressed in binary, and binary codes are also used in computers to represent letters, numeric characters, various symbols, Chinese characters and so on. In the process of processing information, several bits of binary code can be combined to represent a variety of information. However, because the binary number is not intuitive, when people actually operate on the computer, the input and output numbers use decimal, and the specific conversion to binary coding is automatically completed by the computer software system.

Ascll code (American Standard Code For lnformation lnterchange), the American standard information interchange code, is commonly used for the transmission of letters and various characters in computers, which uses 7-digit binary numbers to express letters and various commonly used characters (see appendix).

The representation of Chinese character information is quite complex. There are tens of thousands of Chinese characters in our country, and there are more than 7000 commonly used Chinese characters. In order to unify, our country has formulated a Chinese character coding standard, stipulating a total of 6763 first-and second-level Chinese characters. Use two bytes (16-bit binary code) to represent a Chinese character.

At this point, the study on "how to understand computer information processing" is over. I hope to be able to solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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