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UML modeling technology

UML is a general graphical modeling language in object-oriented development. It is well-defined, easy to express, powerful and universally applicable. Object-oriented analysis shows better ability than other system analysis methods in four aspects: strengthening the understanding of problem space and system tasks, improving communication among all parties, keeping consistency with requirements and supporting software reuse. become the mainstream system analysis method. The emergence of UML unifies not only Booch, OMT, OOSE, and other methods, but also the symbols used in object-oriented methods, and was accepted as one of its standards by OMG shortly after it was proposed. As a result, the situation that dozens of object-oriented modeling languages are independent and have their own advantages has been changed, and object-oriented analysis technology has been developed. It itself has become an important tool for object analysis and design in modern software engineering environment, and is regarded as one of the important achievements of object-oriented technology.

UML modeling technology is to use model elements to build the model of the whole system. Model elements include classes in the system, the relationship between classes and classes, and examples of classes cooperate with each other to realize the dynamic behavior of the system. UML provides a variety of graphical visual description model elements, the same model element may appear in multiple diagrams corresponding to multiple graphic elements, people can examine the model from multiple views. UML modeling is mainly divided into structural modeling, dynamic modeling and model management modeling.

The first aspect describes the system from the internal structure and static point of view, which is applicable in static view, use case view, implementation view and configuration view, using class diagram, use case diagram, component diagram and configuration diagram. For example, class diagrams are used to describe the internal structures (attributes and operations of classes) and their associations, aggregations and dependencies, and package diagrams are used to describe the hierarchical structure of the system.

The second aspect describes the system from the dynamic behavior of objects in the system and the interaction and message passing between constituent objects, which is applicable in state machine view, activity view and interaction view. State machine diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams and cooperation diagrams are used, for example, state machine diagrams are used for a series of different states of a system or objects from generation to completion or from construction to cleanup.

The third aspect describes how to organize the model itself into high-level units, which is applicable in the model management view, using a class diagram. The work of UML modeling technology focuses on the first two aspects, and not all graphical elements are applicable or need to be adopted.

In embedded software development, object-oriented technology inherently supports the abstraction, layering and reuse of the system, which can well control the complexity of the system, and is also widely used gradually. Real-time UML language is a suitable modeling language in embedded development. At present, there are many powerful UML modeling tools, some of which introduce or enhance the functions of embedded real-time system applications, such as Rose RealTime and Rhapsody.

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