Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Chapter IX data Visualization

Zabbix is a very flexible and powerful monitoring system, which can not only monitor a large number of different types of data indicators, but also provide a variety of visualization tools for these data and the relationship between them. Through graphics, display screens, network topology diagrams, etc., the data can be displayed intuitively, and the status of monitoring equipment can be browsed and viewed in real time.

Recently, we have completed the recording and release of the video tutorial "zabbix 4.0", which is based on zabbix 4.2 and provides a comprehensive explanation of Zabbix. Welcome to watch. Course link: https://edu.51cto.com/sd/ce000

9.1 figure

Three types of graphs (graphics) are supported in Zabbix 3.0, namely, simple graphs (simple graphics), ad-hocgraphs (self-organized graphics), and customgraphs (custom graphics).

9.1.1 simple graphics

Simple graphics is a built-in method in the Zabbix system, which provides a graphical display of a single data for monitoring data, and can be browsed and viewed in Zabbix without any additional configuration.

On the Monitoring-> Latest data page, filter out the monitoring items you need to view through Filter. This is shown in figure 9-1 below.

Figure 9-1

In figure 9-1 above, you can see that there are Graph and History links on the far right of each monitoring item, respectively, from which you can see that only monitoring items of numeric types can automatically generate simple graphics, and other types of values only have a link to History.

Click the History link to display the historical data of the monitoring item, and you can choose to display the current value or the last 500th value through the drop-down box in the upper right corner. This is shown in figure 9-2 below.

Figure 9-2

Click the Graph link to display the simple graph of the monitoring item, and only the monitoring data of one monitoring item is displayed in the simple graph, without any configuration. This is shown in figure 9-3 below.

Figure 9-3

At the top of the graph is the time selection filter, through which we can view the data of different time periods. When you select a very small time period such as 5 minutes, you will see a line showing the data for the last 5 minutes. If you select a long time period, if the data is read from the history table, you will see a line. If the data is read from the trend table, you will see three lines, dark green is the average, pink is the maximum, and light green is the minimum. The space of the background between the high and low points is the range of values during this period of time. This is shown in figure 9-4 below.

Figure 9-4

In figure 9-4 above, we see that there are two different backgrounds in the graph. Grey represents non-working time and white represents working time. Working hours are automatically displayed in a simple drawing, but are no longer displayed when viewing data for more than 3 months.

The time selection filter is shown in figure 9-5 below.

Figure 9-5

As you can see from figure 9-5 above, there is a scroll bar in the middle that you can drag left or right, or you can change its width. The 1h below the scroll bar in the lower right of the picture is the width of the current scroll bar, which can also be understood as the width of the X axis in the graph. Drag the scroll bar left and right to view the data of other time periods. When you drag, you will find that the calendar and time in the upper right corner will change automatically. When you need to view the data of the New year and the moon more accurately, you can click on the calendar and time link. It will be more convenient to select the start and end time.

In order to facilitate the operation, some labels are pre-defined in the upper left corner. After the Zoom, there are 5m, 15m, 30m, 1h, 2h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 1d, 3D, 7d, 14d, 1m, All, respectively, representing the different widths of the X axis. Some labels also defined in the lower left corner are 1m 7d 1d 12h 1h 5m | 5m 1h 12h 1d 7d 1m. You may notice that there is a vertical bar (|) in the middle of this group of tags, with symmetrical numbers on both sides. Click | the scroll bar will move to the left for 1 hour when you click on the left, and the scroll bar will move to the right for 1 hour when you click on the right 1 hour. You can click on the same value such as 1h continuously, and the scroll bar will continue to move left or right for a period of 1 hour.

In the lower right corner you will see the fixed link, which will change to dynamic when clicked. Fixed means that the width of the X axis does not change when you move the scroll bar using the predefined label in the lower left corner. You can also click the buttons at both ends of the scroll bar to move the scroll bar, but note the difference between fixed and dynamic.

If you want to quickly view the data of a certain time period in the current drawing, you can hold down the left mouse button and drag the corresponding time period in the drawing to display the data in your selected time period.

When you need to view the raw data of a monitoring item, you can select Values or 500latestvalues in the drop-down box in the upper right corner of the simple graph, as shown in figure 9-6 below.

Figure 9-6

9.1.2 self-organized graphics

Sometimes we need to view multiple monitoring items in the graph, especially those that are not often needed, when temporarily analyzing and viewing the data of some monitoring items, Zabbix provides a method of Ad-hoc graphs (self-organized graphics) in 3.0, which can be realized simply and quickly.

On the Configuration-> Latest data page, you can filter the monitoring items that need to be displayed through filter, and then check the monitoring items that you want to display in the graph. This is shown in figure 9-7 below.

Figure 9-7

After multiple monitoring items are selected, click the Display stacked graph or Display graph button in the lower left corner, and we will see the selected multiple monitoring items in the graph. This is shown in figure 9-8 below.

Figure 9-8

The curve displayed in the self-group graph is the average of each monitor item (the maximum and minimum values are not displayed). Triggers and their related information are also not displayed. We can use the time selection filter at the top of the graph to view the data for different time periods, or we can display the graph by selecting Normal or Stacked through Graph type.

If you want to view the trigger-related information and the maximum and minimum values of each monitoring item in the self-group graph, we can do this by simply modifying the parameters in the link. When you click the Display graph button to generate a custom graph, the URL generated in the browser's address bar looks like this:

Http://192.168.10.102/zabbix/history.php?sid=8dcbbb99456ed4d6&form_refresh=1&action=batchgraph&itemids%5B23299%5D=23299&itemids%5B23300%5D=23300&itemids%5B23301%5D=23301&itemids%5B23302%5D=23302&itemids%5B23303%5D=23303&itemids%5B23304%5D=23304&itemids%5B23305%5D=23305&itemids%5B23306%5D=23306&itemids%5B23299%5D=23299&itemids%5B23300%5D=23300&itemids%5B23301%5D=23301&itemids%5B23302%5D=23302&itemids%5B23303%5D=23303&itemids%5B23304%5D=23304&itemids%5B23305%5D=23305&itemids%5B23306%5D=23306&graphtype=0

In this link, by replacing batchgraph with showgraph, and then refreshing the page, you will see the maximum and minimum values of the trigger and each monitoring item. This is shown in figure 9-9 below.

Figure 9-9

We can also change the history.php in the link to chart.php, refresh the page, you will find that there is only one image on the page, you can right-click to save the picture, or save it.

9.1.3 Custom Drawin

Zabbix provides the function of customizing graphics, which, as the name implies, is to customize the attributes of the graphics and add the monitoring items you need. In fact, some predefined custom graphics are already included in the templates of the system, such as Template OS Linux.

Custom graphics can be created on the host, template, or on low-level discovery rule, and the host inherits the custom graphics created in the template or low-level discovery rule. It is recommended that it is better to create a drawing in a template.

If you like to use pie charts to display data, you need to use custom graphics to create them, because this is currently the only way to create pie charts.

In the custom graph, you can display monitoring items from the same host, or you can display the same monitoring items from different hosts. You can associate different monitoring items from different sources into a graphical display, especially in troubleshooting and capacity planning.

Click Configuration-> Templates (or hosts), click the Graphs link to the right of the template name to be created in the template list page, and click the Create graph button in the upper right corner of the Graphs page to enter the configuration page.

Let's take a look at an example of a graph named CPU Utilization, as shown in figure 9-10 below.

Figure 9-10

The meanings of the parameters in figure 9-10 above are as follows:

Name: the unique drawing name. In the name, we can reference the value of the monitor item through a simple macro variable, which is in the format of {host:key.func (param)}, but the func only supports avg, last, max and min, and supports the param parameter. You can use {HOST.HOST} in macro variables to refer to the first host, second host, and so on in the drawing, such as {{HOST.HOST1}: key.func (param)}.

Width: the width of the drawing, in pixels (pixels).

Height: the height of the drawing in pixels.

Graph type: the main types of graphics are as follows:

Normal: standard graphics, using lines to display values.

Stacked: overlay graphics to fill the display area.

Pie: pie chart.

Exploded: split pie chart.

Show legend: when selected, the monitoring item name and data will be displayed in the drawing.

Show working time: when selected, the non-working time in the graph is displayed with a gray background and cannot be used in the pie chart.

Show triggers: after selection, the trigger in the graph will simply be displayed as a red line. Cannot be used for pie charts.

Percentile line (left): the Y axis on the left is used to display the percentage, for example, if it is set to 95%, a bright red line will be displayed at 95%, which applies only to standard graphics.

Percentile line (right): the Y axis on the right is used to display the percentage, for example, if it is set to 95%, a bright red line will be displayed at 95%, which applies only to Normal graphics.

The minimum values of the Y axis MIN value:Y axis are as follows:

Calculated: calculates the minimum automatically.

Fixed: the user sets the minimum value and cannot be used for pie charts.

Item: the last monitoring value of the monitoring item is selected as the minimum value.

The maximum values of the Y axis MAX value:Y axis are as follows:

Calculated: automatically calculates the maximum value.

Fixed: the maximum value set by the user cannot be used for pie charts.

Item: the last monitoring value of the monitoring item is selected as the maximum value.

3D view:3D chart, only applicable to pie chart.

Items: the monitoring item displayed in the graph. In the list of monitoring items, you can use the left mouse button to hold down the icon in front of the name of the monitoring item (to the left), and you can drag the monitoring item up and down to change the order of the monitoring item in the list.

Name: the name of the monitoring item. The format is: if you configure the drawing on the host, you will see: if you configure the drawing on the template, you will see:.

Type: type (used only if Graph type is a pie chart). You can choose simple or Graph sum.

Function: when a monitoring item has multiple values, select which value to display (all, min, avg, max)

Draw style: the style of drawing lines (for standard graphics only). Styles include Line (lines), Filledregion (filled areas), Bold line (thick lines), Dot (dotted lines) and Dashedline (dashed lines).

The position of the Y axis side:Y axis. Left (left) or Right (right).

COLOR: the color of the line (hexadecimal representation of RGB color). For example, red is F63100.

After configuring the parameters in the drawing, you can preview the current drawing by clicking Preview at the top left of the configuration page. When you preview the graphics defined on the template, the monitoring items in the graphics do not have any data.

In addition, if you select a display trigger in the graphic configuration, a maximum of 3 triggers will be displayed below the monitor item name and data in the drawing. If the height of the drawing is less than 120pixels, the trigger does not display.

9.2 Network Topology Diagram

Network maps (Topology Diagram) is an abstract representation of physical network architecture, which can truly reflect the location and interrelationship of network elements in the network. Zabbix also provides us with powerful tools to show the topology and data of network elements in the monitoring infrastructure, including servers, network devices and their interconnections.

The topology defined in Zabbix is completely dynamic. You can see alarm messages, fault messages and trigger messages in the topology diagram, showing different status information through different icons (icons), colors (colors) and labels (labels). As shown in figure 9-11 below.

Figure 9-11

Each user (including non-administrator users) can create their own topology diagrams, and these topology diagrams can be shared with all users (Public) or only for selected users (Private).

We can use the following elements (element) in the topology diagram:

Host

Host groups

Triggers

Image

Maps

All of these elements can be updated dynamically through triggers or macro variables, thus providing a complete state of the topology diagram and other elements. When creating a topology diagram, the user needs to have read / write permissions to the hosts added to the topology diagram.

9.2.1 create a topology diagram

To create a topology diagram, click Monitoring-> Maps, and click Createmap in the upper right corner of the maps list page to enter the topology diagram configuration page, as shown in figure 9-12 below.

Figure 9-12

The parameters in the Map tag page have the following meanings:

Owner: the owner of the topology diagram.

Name: the unique name of the topology diagram.

Width: the width of the topology diagram (pixels).

Height: the height of the topology (pixels).

Background p_w_picpath: the background picture of the topology diagram. No p_w_picpath does not use a background image (the default white background), Image selects a picture as the background of the topology diagram. Zabbix does not automatically stretch the image, you can use a map image to enhance the effect of the topology diagram.

Automatic icon mapping: allows icon mapping. Icon mapping can be configured in Administration-- > General-- > Icon mapping.

Icon highlighting: check this box. When an element in the topology diagram is triggered by a trigger, a circular background appears behind the element, and the color is the same as the color defined in the alarm level of the trigger. If all Problem have been acknowledged, a green circle will be displayed on the circular background. When an element is in the disabled or in maintenance state, a gray or orange square background appears behind the element. This is shown in figure 9-13 below.

Figure 9-13

Mark elements on trigger statuschange: when the trigger state of an element changes, the background of the element will display three red triangle markers, which will only be displayed for 30 minutes. As shown in figure 9-13 above.

Expand single problem: if one of the elements in a topology diagram (host, host group, or other topology diagram) has a Problem state, this option controls whether the trigger name or the count of the problem is displayed.

Advanced labels: different element types are allowed to use different tags when selected.

Icon label type: different tags can use different icon (icons):

Label: icon label.

IP address:IP address.

Element name: element name, such as host name.

Status only: displays only the status (OK or PROBLEM).

Nothing: no tags are displayed.

Icon label location: where the label is displayed on the icon. Bottom is displayed below the icon, Left is displayed on the left side of the icon, Right is displayed on the right side of the icon, and Top is displayed on the top of the icon.

Problem display: displays the count of recent problems with the element. All displays the count of all questions, Separated displays the count and total count of unacknowledged questions separately, and Unacknowledgedonly displays only the count of unacknowledged questions.

Minimum trigger severity: the lowest trigger alarm level. Questions that are lower than the alarm level set here are not displayed. For example, triggers at the Information and Not classified levels are not displayed in the topology diagram when the Warning level is selected.

URLs: the tag allows you to define the URLs for each element type. When the user clicks on the element while browsing the topology diagram, a label appears as a URL link. You can use macro variables in URLs: {MAP.ID}, {HOSTGROUP.ID}, {HOST.ID}, and {TRIGGER.ID}.

The Sharing tag configuration page is shown in figure 9-14 below.

Figure 9-14

The parameters in the Sharing tag configuration page are as follows:

Type: select the type of topology diagram sharing. Private means that only selected users and user groups can access the topology diagram, and Public means that all users can access the topology diagram.

List of user group shares: add user groups that can access the topology diagram, and you can set Read-only or Read-write permissions.

List of user shares: add users who can access the topology diagram, and you can set Read-only or Read-write permissions.

Click Add to save the topology diagram after configuring the relevant attributes, and you will find the topology diagram we created on the topology diagram list page. If you want to modify the configuration of the attributes, click the Properties link of the topology diagram, as shown in figure 9-15 below.

Figure 9-15

9.2.2 add elements

When a topology diagram is created, the content of the topology diagram is empty and we need to add some elements. Click the Constructor link on the Topology list page, as shown in figure 9-16 below.

Figure 9-16

After entering the topology diagram, you will find some fairly simple options and friendly interfaces, as shown in figure 9-17 below.

Figure 9-17

At the top of the editing area you see some options:

Icon: Add / Remove: add or remove icons. After clicking Add, the newly added elements will be displayed in the upper left corner of the topology, and you can drag to any location at will.

Link: Add / Remove: add or remove connections. Press and hold the CTRL key to select the two elements and click Add to add the connection or click Remove to delete the connection.

Expand macros: Off: enables or turns off extended macro variables.

Grid: Shown / On: controls the grid display and element alignment. Shown is displayed and Hidden is hidden. You can select different grid sizes through the following boxes. On is that the elements in the topology diagram are always automatically aligned by grid. If you don't want to automatically align elements, you can choose Off.

Align icons: click Align icons to align multiple selected elements.

Update button: save the topology diagram.

Click the Add link of Icon to add a new element. The name and other attributes of each element can be set. Clicking the element icon will pop up a new form to set the properties of the element, as shown in figure 9-18 below.

Figure 9-18

As shown in figure 9-18 above, the meaning of the configuration parameters for element attributes is as follows:

Type: the type of element, including:

Host: the icon shows the status of all triggers for the selected host.

Map: the icon shows the state of all the elements in a topology diagram.

Trigger: the icon shows the state of a single trigger.

Host group: the icon shows the status of all triggers that belong to all hosts in the selected host group.

Image: just an icon, not connected to any resource.

Label: the label of the icon. Can be any string (Chinese can also be), support multiple lines and macro variables.

Label location: the location of the label. Default is the location of the default label of the topology diagram, Bottom is the lower side of the icon, Left is the left side of the icon, Right is the right side of the icon, and Top is the upper side of the icon.

Host: this attribute appears when the type of the element is Host. Enter the host name here (automatic completion is supported), or click the Select button to select the host. Click the X after the host name to delete the host.

Map: this attribute appears when the element type is Map. Select a topology diagram.

Trigger: this attribute appears when the element type is Trigger. Select a trigger.

Host group: this attribute appears when the element type is Host group. Enter the host group name here (automatic completion is supported), or click the Select button to select the host group. Click the X after the host group name to delete the host.

Application: select a monitor group, and only the Problem of triggers belonging to that monitor group is allowed to be displayed. This field is available only if the element type is host or host group.

Automatic icon selection: when checked, the icon is displayed according to the settings in the icon mapping.

Icons: icons displayed in the default, problem, maintenance, and disabled states.

Coordinate XRV X axis coordinates.

Coordinate Y axis coordinates.

URLs: you can set specific URLs for this element, and these will be displayed as links. Click on the element when the user browses the topology diagram, and if the element has its own URLs, it will be displayed in the menu. Macro variables can be used in URLs: {MAP.ID}, {HOSTGROUP.ID}, {HOST.ID}, {TRIGGER.ID}.

When selecting elements, we can press and hold the CTRL key to select multiple elements, or we can drag and drop multiple elements. When you select multiple elements, the Mass update elements page pops up, where you can change the properties of the element. When you modify it, you only need to select the appropriate property, where you can use macro variables, such as setting {HOST.NAME} in the Label property. As shown in figure 9-19 below.

Figure 9-19

In the topology diagram, we can connect elements with lines to show the connections between elements. First we need to select both elements at the same time, and then click the Add link after Link at the top of the edit area, as shown in figure 9-20 below.

Figure 9-20

The parameters of Links are as follows:

Label: wired label, you can use macro variables.

Connect to: the element name of the connection.

Type (OK): the default connection type. Line is a single line, Bold line is a thick line, Dot is a dotted line, Dashed line is a dotted line.

Colour (OK): the default line color.

Link indicators: a list of triggers linked to a wire. If the state of a trigger changes to PROBLEM, the connection will be displayed in the connection style defined by the trigger. If the status of multiple triggers changes to PROBLEM, it will be displayed in the trigger style with the highest alarm level, and when multiple triggers have the same alarm level, it will be displayed in the trigger style with the lowest ID.

After adding elements to the topology diagram, don't forget to click the Update button to save.

9.3 display screen

Screens is a page that displays multiple Zabbix elements (including graphics, topology diagrams, text, etc.), which can organize different data from the same host or the same data from different hosts to be displayed on one page. The display screen is essentially a table that places different elements in the cell, including:

Simple graphs

Simple graph prototypes

User-defined custom graphs

Custom graph prototypes

Maps

Other screens

Plain text information

Server information (overview)

Host information (overview)

Trigger information (overview)

Host/hostgroup issues (statusof triggers)

System status

Data overview

Clock

History of events

History of recent actions

URL (data taken from anotherlocation)

Each user (including non-administrator users) can create their own display screens, and these display screens can be shared with all users (Public) or only for selected users (Private).

9.3.1 create a display screen

The creation of the display screen is very simple and intuitive. Click the Create screen button in the upper right corner of the Monitoring-> Screen page to enter the display screen configuration page. The owner, unique name and the number of rows and columns of the display screen page can be set in the display screen label. This is shown in figure 9-21 below.

Figure 9-21

The type and user (group) of the share can be set in the Sharing tab, and the settings here are the same as those of the topology diagram. As shown in figure 9-22 below.

Figure 9-22

Click Add to save the display screen after configuring the relevant properties, and you will find the display screen we created on the Screens list page. If you want to modify the configuration of the properties, you can click the Properties link of the display screen, as shown in figure 9-23 below.

Figure 9-23

8.3.1 add display screen elements

After creating a display screen, the content of the display screen is empty and we need to add some elements. Click the Constructor link to the right of the display screen name on the Screen list page, as shown in figure 9-24 below.

Figure 9-24

After entering the screen Constructor page, you will see a table. Click the + sign directly above the table to add columns, and click the-sign directly below the table to delete the column. Click the + sign on the left side of the table to add rows, and click the-sign on the right side of the table to delete rows. Figure 9-25 below shows.

Figure 9-25

We can click the Change link in the table to add the element, as shown in figure 9-26 below.

Figure 9-26

Select different Resource when adding elements, and the parameters in the configuration page will be different. The following describes the meaning of common parameters:

Resource: displays the following elements in the display screen cell:

Action log: a log of recent actions.

Clock: a digital or analog clock that displays the current server or local time.

Data overview: displays the most recent data for a group of hosts.

Graph: displays a custom graphic.

Graph prototype: displays custom graphics in low-level discovery rule.

History of events: displays the most recent events.

Host group issues: displays the status of triggers filtered by the host group.

Host issues: displays the status of triggers filtered by the host.

Hosts info: displays host-related information.

Map: displays a topology diagram.

Plain text: displays plain text data.

Screen: displays a display screen (this display screen may contain other display screens).

Server info: displays server information.

Simple graph: displays a simple graph.

Simple graph prototype: displays a simple graph generated by low-level discovery based on monitoring items.

System status: displays the system status (similar to Dashboard).

Triggers info: displays information about triggers.

Triggers overview: displays the status of a set of triggers.

URL: displays additional resource content.

Horizontal align: horizontal alignment, optional Center (center), Left (left), Right (right).

Vertical align: vertical alignment, optional Middle (middle), Top (top), Bottom (bottom).

Column span: column merge.

Row span: row merge.

Adding different elements will configure some parameters specific to that element, which are described below.

1. Action log, as shown in figure 9-27 below.

Figure 9-27

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Show lines: displays how many actions are logged in the cell.

Sort entries by: sort by. Time (time) descending or ascending order, Type (type) descending or ascending order, Status (status) descending or ascending order, Recipient (recipient) descending or ascending order.

2. Clock, as shown in figure 9-28 below.

Figure 9-28

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Time type: select Local time (local time), Servertime (server time), and Hosttime (host time).

Item: select the monitoring item to display the time. This option is available only when Host time is specified.

Width: width of the clock.

Height: height of the clock.

3. Data overview, as shown in figure 9-29 below.

Figure 9-29

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Group: select the host group.

Application: you can enter a monitoring item group name.

Hosts location: select the host location. Left is the left and Top is the top.

4. Graph, as shown in figure 9-30 below.

Figure 9-30

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Graph: select the drawing to display.

Width: the width of the graph.

Height: the height of the graph.

Dynamic item: display different monitoring item data on the graph according to the selected host.

5. Graph prototype, as shown in figure 9-31 below.

Figure 9-31

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Graph prototype: select the graphic prototype to display.

Max columns: how many columns of the generated graph are displayed in the cell. It is useful when you have multiple LLD-generated drawings.

Width: the width of the graph.

Height: the height of the graph.

Dynamic item: display different monitoring item data on the graph according to the selected host.

6. History of events, as shown in figure 9-32 below.

Figure 9-32

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Show lines: how many rows of events are displayed in the cell.

7. Host group issues, as shown in figure 9-33 below.

Figure 9-33

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Group: select the host group.

Show lines: the number of rows that display the trigger status in the cell.

Sort triggers by: how to sort triggers. There are Last change (descending order), Severity (descending order) and Host (ascending order).

8. Host issues, as shown in figure 9-34 below.

Figure 9-34

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Host: select the host.

Show lines: the number of rows that display the trigger status in the cell.

Sort triggers by: how to sort triggers. There are Last change (descending order), Severity (descending order) and Host (ascending order).

9. Hosts info, as shown in figure 9-35 below.

Figure 9-35

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Group: select the host group.

Style: select the style to display (vertical or horizontal).

10. Map, as shown in figure 9-36 below.

Figure 9-36

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Map: select the topology diagram to display.

11. Plain text, as shown in figure 9-37 below.

Figure 9-37

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Item: select the monitoring item.

Show lines: displays the number of rows of Latest data in the cell.

Show text as HTML: displays text in HTML format.

Dynamic item: display different monitoring item data on the graph according to the selected host.

12. Screen, as shown in figure 9-38 below.

Figure 9-38

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Screen: select the display screen to display.

13. Server info, as shown in figure 9-39 below.

Figure 9-39

14. Simple graph, as shown in figure 9-40 below.

Figure 9-40

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Item: select the monitoring item for which you want to display a simple graph.

Width: the width of the graph.

Height: the height of the graph.

Dynamic item: display different monitoring item data on the graph according to the selected host.

15. Simple graph prototype, as shown in figure 9-41 below.

Figure 9-41

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Item prototype: select the monitoring item prototype for which you want to display a simple graph.

Max columns: how many columns of the generated graph are displayed in the cell. It is useful when you have multiple LLD-generated drawings.

Width: the width of the graph.

Height: the height of the graph.

Dynamic item: display different monitoring item data on the graph according to the selected host.

16. System status, as shown in figure 9-42 below.

Figure 9-42

17. Triggers info, as shown in figure 9-43 below.

Figure 9-43

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Group: select the host group.

Style: select the style to display (vertical or horizontal).

18. Triggers overview, as shown in figure 9-44 below.

Figure 9-44

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

Group: select the host group.

Application: you can enter a monitoring item group name.

Hosts location: select the host location. Left is the left and Top is the top.

19. URL, as shown in figure 9-45 below.

Figure 9-45

The meanings of the relevant parameters are as follows:

URL: enter the URL to display.

Width: the width of the window.

Height: height of the window.

Dynamic item: displays different URL content according to the selected host.

When adding elements, it is important to note that if the height of the drawing is less than 120 pixels, the trigger information is not displayed under the name of the monitor item in the drawing. You are free to drag and drop elements that have been added to any other cell, and the relevant configuration of the element will not be lost.

9.3.2 Dynamic element

Most of the elements added in Screen do not support dynamic (dynamic) monitoring items, but the elements listed below support dynamic monitoring items:

Graphs

Graph prototype

Simple Graphs

Simple graph prototype

URL

Plain text

The dynamic monitoring item graphic prototype is created in low-level discovery (LLD) rules based on the custom graphic prototype, and the simple graphical prototype is created in low-level discovery based on the monitoring item prototype. A graph of the monitoring item generated from low-level discovery will be displayed in the cell of the display screen, and nothing will be displayed if the monitoring item is not generated.

Support for the use of macro variables in URL, namely {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.ID}, {HOST.IP}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME} and user-defined {$MACRO}, these macro variables are very useful, by using these macro variables we can generate dynamic URL. In order to display dynamic URL elements correctly, you must select a host in the Monitoring-> Screens page, and if no host is selected, the No host selected message will be displayed.

When setting dynamic monitoring items, you can check the Dynamic item option when adding elements, as shown in figure 9-46 below.

Figure 9-46

We can add multiple dynamic elements to Screen, such as graphs. When browsing the display screen, the host selection box is displayed on the Monitoring-> Screens page. We only need to select different hosts to browse the data of different hosts in the same display screen, as shown in figure 9-47 below.

Figure 9-47

9.4 Slide shows9.4.1 create Slide show

When we have created a lot of display screens, we can cycle through slides, which is the Slide show function provided by Zabbix.

Creating a slide show is very simple. On the Configuration-- > Slideshows page, select Slideshows in the drop-down box in the upper right corner, and click the Createslide show button next to the drop-down box, as shown in figure 9-48 below.

Figure 9-48

Click the Create slide show button to enter the creation page, as shown in figure 9-49 below.

Figure 9-49

There are two main tags: Slide and Sharing, where the type of sharing and users (groups) can be set in the Sharing tab, which is the same as the sharing settings of the topology diagram / display screen.

The parameters in the Slide tag have the following meanings:

Owner: select the owner, the specified owner is mandatory.

Name: a unique name.

Default delay (in seconds): the default time for each display screen, in seconds.

Slides: a list of looping display screens. Click the Add link to add the display screen, and use the left mouse button to hold down the icon to the left of the display screen name to drag it up and down to reorder the display screen.

Screen: name of the display screen.

Delay: you can customize how long the current display screen will be displayed, in seconds. If set to 0, use the time defined in Default delay.

Action: you can click the Remove link to remove the display screen from the list.

In slide show, even if you want to display only one element (topology, graphics, etc.), you need to create a display screen and add this element to the display screen. So all the elements that can be added to the display screen can be displayed in slide show.

When displaying slide show, you can adjust the playing time of the display screen and speed up or delay the display time by setting a multiple of the refresh time. Click the menu icon in the upper right corner, and you can select different values in the pop-up menu. This is shown in figure 9-50 below.

Figure 9-50

9.4.2 Slide show large screen display

When we use a large screen display Slide show in the data center, we need to consider the actual situation, such as the size and resolution of the large screen, whether the widescreen display is or not. Slide show auto-playback does not support scrolling up and down the page, so the content in the display screen is best displayed on one page. You may want to automatically scroll up and down the screen by adding JavaScript, but it will be very complicated.

The data displayed in a large screen slide show meets at least one of the following characteristics:

Easy to understand and intuitive.

Suitable for large screen display.

No interaction is required.

The display screen uses the same playback time.

Each display screen tries to keep the data simple and intuitive, displaying only the key text information, so that the monitoring staff can see it at a glance when they see the screen.

9.4.3 automatic display of slide show

After creating a slide show, users do not need to enter a user name and password when logging in to the system, and the slide show can be displayed automatically after logging in. In order to achieve this, we need to specifically add a user and make some custom settings in the user account.

In order to prevent users from being automatically disconnected after logging in, we need to check Auto-login in the properties of the user's account. When checked, you do not need to enter a user name and password for the next login. It is important to note that Auto-login requires your browser to support cookies.

In addition, you need to fill in the URL link of slide show, such as http://192.168.10.102/zabbix/slides.php?elementid=2, in the attribute URL (after login) of the user account. Elementid is the id of slide show. We can set the fullscreen parameter so that slide show is displayed in full-screen mode after the user logs in, such as http://192.168.10.102/mon/slides.php?&elementid=2&fullscreen=1. In Zabbix full-screen mode, the browser's menu can still be displayed, which requires the browser to enter / exit full-screen mode by pressing the F11 key.

9.5 IT Services

IT Services provides us with monitoring of the infrastructure from a business perspective, availability of IT services and SLA (service-level agreements). It does not provide the underlying details, such as CPU load, memory usage, disk usage, and so on.

IT Services in Zabbix is represented by a tree-like hierarchical structure. Suppose we need to monitor the web business, first we need to determine which components the entire web business consists of. For example, our web business consists of web services, application services and database services. For each component, we need to use triggers to determine whether the service is available, as shown in figure 9-51 below.

Figure 9-51

As you can see from the figure above, IT Services takes root as the root node, and we can add a service node, such as WebSite SLA Calculated, under the root node of root. Add dependent child nodes, such as Web-Service on web server is unavailable, under the service node. Each node has its own state, which is calculated based on the trigger and provided to the superior node according to the selected algorithm.

Triggers are very important in ITservice and are the core of ITservice computing, so when selecting triggers in ITservice, you must select the triggers generated by key monitoring items. Triggers with alarm levels of Information and Not classified will not affect the calculation of SLA.

9.5.1 configuring IT service

You can create services that need to be monitored in the Configuration-> IT services page, as shown in figure 9-52 below.

Figure 9-52

Click Add child in the root node root line to add a service. For existing service nodes, click the node name to edit the current configuration, click Add child to add child nodes, and click Delete to delete the current node.

The configuration page for each service consists of Service tags, Dependencies tags, and Time tags. You need to define the service name, such as WebSite SLA Calculated, in the Service tag. In fact, the whole web business is composed of web services, application services and database services. In a three-tier application environment, each service uses a dedicated server. When there is a problem with the service at each layer, the whole web business will be affected, and the result will be reflected in the SLA calculation.

The Service tag configuration interface is shown in figure 9-53 below.

Figure 9-53

The meanings of the configuration parameters in the Service tag are as follows:

Name: name of the service.

Parent service: parent node. The parent node to which it belongs.

Status calculation algorithm: the method for calculating the service status of this node. There are three main types:

Do not calculate: the service status of this node is not calculated.

Problem, if at least one childhas a problem: as long as the service status of a child node is Problem, the service status of that node is Problem.

Problem, if all children haveproblems: the service status of all child nodes is Problem, and the service status of this node is Problem.

Calculate SLA, Acceptable SLA (in%): allows SLA to calculate and display, and sets the acceptable percentage of SLA used in the report.

Trigger: the trigger for this node link. Click the Select button to select the trigger to link. The lowest service node must set the trigger for the link. When the trigger is linked, the previous state of the link is not calculated. Blank is no link trigger

Sort order: the order in which it appears.

The Dependencies tag configuration interface is shown in figure 9-54 below.

Figure 9-54

Click Add in the Depends on in the Dependencies tag to add a new dependent service node. The parameters in each column are as follows:

SERVICES: the name of the dependent service node.

SOFT: when you design the hierarchy of the service node, the system automatically sets the dependency of the service node. But sometimes you may need to rely on a service node that already exists in other services. In this case, when you add an existing service node through Add, you need to check SOFT, which can be understood as making a soft connection. When a service node is SOFT dependent, it can be deleted directly without deleting the child service node first.

TRIGGER: the name of the trigger used in the service node.

ACTION: click Remove to delete the service node.

The Time tag configuration interface is shown in figure 9-55 below.

Figure 9-55

Click the Add link in the New servicetime in the Time tag to add a new service time. The parameters are as follows:

Service times: service time. The default availability time for all services is 24 x 7 x 365. Custom time can be added if special needs are needed.

New service time: define a new service time. There are three main types:

Uptime: the service is running normally.

Downtime: service maintenance time during which the status of the service is not counted in the SLA.

One-time downtime: one-time service maintenance time during which the status of the service is not counted in the SLA.

After the IT Service is successfully created, you can view the SLA report of the service by browsing the Monitoring-- > IT services page.

This article is from http://ustogether.blog.51cto.com/8236854/1929467. If you need to reprint it, please contact the author.

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.