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Due to business migration, oracle DB needs to be redeployed. This article is for the deployment record only. The deployment document mainly refers to the official document http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/toc.htm.

Summary:

Host: OpenStack CVM

System: Completing a Minimal Linux centos 6.8 x8664

DB:Oracle Database 11g Release 2

Memory: 2Gb

Hard disk: / dev/vda 20Gb

/ dev/vdb 30Gb

Swap:0

A system requires:

Oracle DB is installed using a graphical interface, which requires that the system must support a graphical interface.

Note: as explained here, graphical interface installation is not required. ORACLE also supports command line installation, but does not seem to be able to customize the installation

For Linux installed with Minimal, there is no graphical interface by default. Install X Window System using the following command

# yum groupinstall-y "Desktop"X Window System"

Second, to be able to connect remotely to the system, openssh-server is required. The following command confirms that there is no installation.

# rpm-qa | grep ssh#yum install openssh-server

Confirm that the system firewall allows ssh ports to pass through

The graphical interface can be called remotely using the following command

# ssh-X name@example.com

2 hardware requirements:

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements

1. Memory:

Minimum: 1 GB of RAM

Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

Confirm the memory size with the following command

# grep MemTotal / proc/meminfo

Note: the following table describes the relationship between RAM and swap space

RAMSwap Space1 GB

< RAM < 2 GB1.5 倍RAM大小2 GB < RAM < 16 GB等于 RAM 实际大小 RAM >

16 GB16 GB

Confirm the Swap space with the following command

# grep SwapTotal / proc/meminfo

View available memory and Swap

# free

Automatic memory management:

Starting with Oracle 11G, the automatic memory management feature requires more shared memory (/ dev/shm) and file descriptors. The size of shared memory is larger than the parameters of memory_max_target and memory_target for each instance. If the parameter is set to non-zero or an incorrect size, it will cause oracle to launch Times wrong ora-00845.

The following command confirms the shared available capacity:

# df-h / dev/shm/

In case of ora-00845 error, increase the size of / dev/shm mount point.

For example:

# mount-t tmpfs shmfs-o size=7g / dev/shm

Add an entry in / etc/fstab:

Shmfs / dev/shm tmpfs size=7g 0

two。 System architecture:

Confirm that the system can run oracle

Uname-m

3. Disk space:

/ tmp:1Gb free space

View available space

Df-h / tmp

Note: if the free space does not meet the requirements, the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables of the oracle user can be configured.

The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86-64:

Installation TypeRequirement for Software Files (GB) Enterprise Edition4.7Standard Edition4.6

Installation TypeDisk Space for Data Files (GB) Enterprise Edition1.7Standard Edition1.5

The following command confirms the available disk space

# df-h

Display:

Oracle 11G R2 requires a resolution of not less than 10240768

Confirm the system version:

# cat / proc/version or # lsb_release

Confirm the kernel:

# uame-r2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64

Dependency package:

Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 And Asianux Server 4The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86'64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86'64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86'64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86'64) gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86'64) ) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86'64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86'64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686kshlibgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86'64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86'64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 .i686libstdc + +-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86 / 64) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86 / 64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86 / 64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686make-3.81-19.el6sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86 / 64)

The following command confirms whether to install the dependency package:

# rpm-Q package_name

Three preparations:

Create a swap partition:

Since the swap is not assigned by default in the private CVM system, the swap needs to be established manually.

1. Create a 2G swap partition

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swap bs=1M count=2048

two。 Set up swap partition files

# mkswap / mnt/swap

3. Enable swap Partition

# swapon / mnt/swap

4. Set up boot mount swap partition

# echo "/ mnt/swap swap swap defaults 0" > > / etc/fstab

Install the dependency package:

Sudo yum install binutils\ compat-libcap1\ compat-libstdc++-33\ compat-libstdc++-33.i686\ gcc\ gcc-c++\ glibc\ glibc-devel\ glibc-devel.i686\ ksh\ libgcc\ libstdc++\ libstdc++.i686\ libstdc++-devel\ libstdc++-devel.i686\ libaio\ libaio.i686\ libaio-devel\ libaio-devel.i686\ make\ sysstat\ unixODBC.i686\ unixODBC-devel

Adjust kernel parameters:

The following kernel values are the minimum values that satisfy the operation of oracle. For example, in a production system, it is recommended that you adjust these values to optimize the system. For kernel parameter information, check the operating system file

1. Edit the / etc/sysctl.conf file to modify the following parameter values

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 25032000100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

two。 Update kernel current value

# / sbin/sysctl-p

3. Confirm kernel value update

# / sbin/sysctl-a

4. After updating the kernel parameter values, restart the system or run the command so that the changes to / etc/sysctl.conf take effect immediately

Cluster shared disk verifies the cvuqdisk package. Here, the local directory is used as the data directory, and there is no explanation for cvuqdisk.

Hostname resolution:

1. View hostname

# cat / etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=dev-oracle.novalocalNOZEROCONF=yes

two。 Edit the / etc/hosts file and add the following line

127.0.0.1 dev-oracle.novalocal

3. Confirm that the hostname resolution is successful

# ping-c 3 dev-oracle.novalocalPING dev-oracle.novalocal (127.0.0.1) 56 (84) bytes of data.64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.109 ms64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.109 ms64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

Close transparent_hugepage

Linux 6 transparent_hugepage is enabled by default. A problem with dynamic memory allocation may cause delays in memory allocation. Therefore, oracle recommends that you disable transparent_hugepage to avoid performance problems.

Red Hat Linux kernels:

# cat / sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled

Other kernels

# cat / sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

The following output indicates that the

[always] madvise never

Disable transparent_hugepage

Add the following entry to the kernel boot file / etc/grub.conf

Transparent_hugepage=never

Such as:

Title CentOS (2.6.32-642.4.2.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.4.2.el6.x86_64 ro\ root=UUID=4b816de7-ec12-431c-a571-5f3d828bf0e1 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM\ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD console=ttyS0,115200 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16\ crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet\ transparent_hugepage=never initrd / boot/initramfs- 2.6.32-642.4.2.el6.x86_64.img

Restart the system takes effect

Create system users and groups:

Separation of role permissions:

Oracle recommends that you create an owner with software installation permissions.

Create separate users and groups with the same permissions for independent operations

Dba

This group must be created when the Oracle database is installed on the system for the first time. This group identifies that the operating system user has permission to manage the database (sysdba privilege)

Oper

This is an optional group. If you want to create a limited database administration permission, create this group.

Create groups and users with separate roles:

Create an oinstall group

# groupadd oinstall

Create a dba group

# groupadd-g 502 dba

Create a per group

Groupadd-g 503 oper

Create a software owner user

1. Create an Oracle user

# useradd-u 502-g oinstall-G dba,oper oracle

two。 Set user password

# passwd oracle

Check the resource limits of the installation user:

Refer to the following recommended range values

Resource Shell LimitResourceSoft LimitHard Limit

Open file descriptors

Nofile

At least 1024

At least 65536

Number of processes available to a single user

Nproc

At least 2047

At least 16384

Size of the stack segment of the process

Stack

At least 10240 KB

At least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB

1. Log in using the installation user

two。 Check file descriptors, soft and hard limits. Make sure the results are within the recommended range

$ulimit-Sn1024 $ulimit-Hn65536

3. Check the user process limit. Make sure the results are within the recommended range

$ulimit-Su2047 $ulimit-Hu16384

4. Check the stack settings. Make sure it is within the recommended range

$ulimit-Ss10240 $ulimit-Hs32768

Edit / etc/security/limits.conf adds the following parameters to the end of the file, and the adjustable limit

* soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft stack 10240

Create a directory

Log in using the root user

Create the Oracle root directory

Here is the user directory, which is set according to the user name. If your user name is ora, replace oracle with ora

# mkdir-p / data/app/oracle#chown-R oracle:oinstall / data/app/oracle#chmod-R 775 / data/app/oracle

Create a database file directory (for automatic storage)

# mkdir / data/oradata#chown oracle:oinstall / data/oradata#chmod 775 / data/oradata

Create a recovery file directory (quick recovery for automatic storage)

# mkdir / data/fast_recovery_area#chown oracle:oinstall / data/fast_recovery_area#chmod 775 / data/fast_recovery_area

Set language

$export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

Install in English to prevent garbled

Or download the Chinese font zysong.ttf and put it in the / usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType directory, then you can install it in Chinese language.

$export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

Set up the user environment

This environment variable can be set after the database installation is complete and the database instance is established

ORACLE_BASE: root directory for database user

ORACLE_HOME: installation directory for the actual database software

ORACLE_SID: the name of the actual database instance

$vim ~ / .bash_profilePATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATHumask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orcl

Fourth, install oracle:

Open a remote window by using ssh-X to call support to connect to the server as an oracle user

Execute the database installation script

/ runInstallerStarting Oracle Universal Installer...Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 10608 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2047 MB PassedChecking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from / tmp/OraInstall2016-09-12 08-22-04PM. Please wait...

The client will pop up the graphical installation interface and follow the graphical interface prompts to install step by step.

Note that there are two options for installation

One is to install and configure the database, and the other is to install only the database. This case chooses to install and configure the database by default

There is not much difference between the two installation methods, and there are instructions in the graphical interface.

Choose to install only the database. After installation, execute the `dbca` command to call the graphical interface to create the database, and the `netca` command to call the graphical interface to create monitoring. For more information, please see http://dengqsintyt.iteye.com/blog/1991930/ in the second half of this link.

Uncheck the box. If you do not purchase oracle support in the next step, it will all be empty.

Yes, continue.

Create and configure the database by default

Select a server class

Single instance mode

Advanced installation mode

Default language

Enterprise Edition is selected by default

Oracle Base: select the oracle root directory

Software Location: select the software installation directory

Default is generic / transaction handling

Database name and service name. The ORACLE_SID should be the same when configuring the user environment

Turn on automatic memory management

Set the encoding to UTF8

Enable Oracle Enterprise Management console OEM

Select the database file directory, and select the previously established database file directory / data/oradata

Automatic backup setting, production environment is recommended to enable, select the previously established quick recovery directory / data/fast_recovery_area

Set the database user and password, you can set a separate password for each user, or you can choose the following Use the same password for all accounts to use a unified password

Select an authorized group, which is generally fine by default. If an oper group has been created previously, OSOPER should select the oper group.

Check the installation requirements and confirm that the relevant packages have been installed. You can choose "Ignore All" to ignore them directly, otherwise you can't continue. It is shown here that the missing package is due to a problem with the version

After the installation, the following window will pop up. Click the red circle to reset the user's password.

Finally, the following window pops up, using the root user to execute two scripts

# / bin/sh / data/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of / data/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write Execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of / data/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.# / bin/sh / data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/root.shRunning Oracle 11g root.sh script...The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= / data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/ usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to / usr/local/bin... Copying oraenv to / usr/local/bin... Copying coraenv to / usr/local/bin... Creating / etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the / etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root.sh script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.

The installation is all over

How to add oracle to the system service, please refer to the previous document http://morrowind.blog.51cto.com/1181631/1696145

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