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It is believed that many inexperienced people are at a loss about how to set up urls.py routing in Django framework. Therefore, this paper summarizes the causes and solutions of the problem. Through this article, I hope you can solve this problem.

The routing system matches the received request according to the URL and specifies the function or class to handle the request.

Routing system classification:

Website framework routing systems are generally divided into two categories, FBV,CBV,Django supports both, but some frameworks support only one.

FBV (Function Base View): the function is based on the view, and in views.py, the function is used to handle the request.

CBV (Class Base View): the class is based on the view, and in views.py, the class is used to handle requests.

URLS.PY file routing configuration

Two functions, one is to go directly to the function, and the other is to go to the lower-level urls.py routing

Urlpatterns= [path (ringing blogUniverse, blog.views.index), path (rattlebbsPlacement, bbs.views.index)]

1. Routing rule module matching function url,path,re_path:

Django 1.XX uses the url function, regular and fixed strings

Django 2.XX uses path and re_path later

From django.conf.urls import url # django 1.XX uses urlfrom django.conf.urls import url, re_path # django 2.XX uses url and re_pathfrom django.urls import path, re_path # django 2.1x later integration, using path and re_path

The url:url () function passes four arguments, two required: regex and view, and two optional: kwargs, and name. That is, regular expressions and views are two required parameters.

1.xx version-regular and fixed matching is completed

2.xx version-keep

Path: completes the matching of the specified string or format. The function path () takes four parameters, two required parameters: route and view, and two optional parameters: kwargs and name. That is, routing and view are required parameters

Versions later than 2.1x-complete fixed matching

Re_path: regular match, match that cannot be completed by path

2.xx version-native location django.conf.urls

-- Post-integrated location django.urls

2. Path function:

Format: path (matching rules, views view functions or class methods, * * kwargs, name)

Matching rules: regularities are not supported, but five matching patterns are provided.

Int matches 0 and positive integers, such as 1230

Str matches any non-empty string but does not include /

Slug matches letters, numbers, and strings consisting of horizontal bars and underscores.

Uuid matches a uuid object, such as 075194d3-6885-417e-a8a8-6c931e272f00. (the object must include dashes-all letters must be lowercase)

Path matches all strings including / (meaning everything before and after path)

Views view or class methods: app's views.py methods, or class methods

Kwargs: parameter passed to views

Name: reverse resolution at the back end, and the front end finds the resolution route according to the name value

3. Path-- matching rules:

Generally divided into three cases, strict matching, parameter matching with parameters, fixed format parameter matching

From django.urls import path, re_pathimport index.viewsimport pathtest.viewsurlpatterns = [path (ringing pathtestUniverse (pathtest.views.index)), # rnspathtestplash 'strictly match. Error will be reported if pathtest/ 1 / 2 / 3 is used to pass parameters at the front end. # The current path, pathtest/ 1 2 3, didn't match any of these. Path (r'pathtest', pathtest.views.index), # uses to capture values from url, the pathtest/ 1 index. Views. Index function must receive parameters, otherwise an error can be reported, it can be an argument, or it can be kwargs # index () got an unexpected keyword argument 'id_1' path (r'pathtest', pathtest.views.index), # matches the parameter of strtype, names it book_id, and passes it to the views.index function # str Int, slug, uuid, path, five default matching modes]

4. Path--views view or class method

Specify this rule, the function (FBV) or class (CBV) that handles the requested views.py:

After the request is processed by FBV:urls.py, it is handed over to the function index,index for processing, and the pathtest.html page is returned to the client.

Urls.py

From django.urls import path, re_pathimport index.viewsurlpatterns = [path (r'pathtest', pathtest.views.index), # str,int, slug, uuid, path, five default matching modes]

Views.py

From django.shortcuts import renderdef index (request,*args,**kwargs): para = [] if kwargs: for kjorie v in kwargs.items (): print (kmae Zi Ji Zi Zi Zhi v) if args: for i in args: print (I) return render (request, 'pathtest.html', {' para': para})

CBV:

1. Class needs to inherit django.views.generic 's View class

2. URLS.py route is forwarded to APP.views. Class. As_view ()

3. As_view () inherits the View class and does not need to be rewritten by yourself.

4. Check the as_view method of generic\ base.py and see that the user's request method is determined through hasattr.

Execute the corresponding request method function through dispach

5. You can achieve customization by registering a new method with http_method_names

Example:

Http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest1/ display CBV1

Http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest2/ display CBV2

URL.py

From django.urls import path, re_pathimport pathtest.viewsurlpatterns = [path (pathtest.views.CBV1.as_view ()), path (pathtest.views.CBV2.as_view ())]

APP:pathtest Views.py

From django.view.generic importclass CBV1 (View): def get (self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse ('CBV1') class CBV2 (View): def get (self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse (' CBV2')

5. Kwargs: the parameter passed to views

Typical parameters can be passed to views, and views functions can be received using arguments or formal parameters. When receiving using formal parameters, the parameters passed through the path function always precede the parameters passed by the url URL.

Urls.py

Urlpatterns = [path (pathtest.views.CBV1.as_view (), {'since':'O-K'})] # pass {' since':'O-K'} to views.py

Views.py

Class CBV1 (View): def get (self,request, * args, * * kwargs): # use arguments to receive def get (self,request, since, * args, * * kwargs): para = [] if kwargs: for KMagi v in kwargs.items (): print V) para.append (v) return HttpResponse ('CBV2 {}' .format (para)) # visit: http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest1/0010 # web page shows: CBV2 ['Omurk Knights, 10]

6. Name: after definition, use the {% url'name value to refer to'%}, and url refers to the current URL.

When views renders the HTML template {% url'name value'%}, find the corresponding path route in the urls.py based on the name value

Replace the path matching rule string with the 'name value' of the HTML template

Urls.py

Urlpatterns = [path (ringing pathtest1Universe, pathtest.views.CBV1.as_view ()), # defines forward routing of http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest1/ to access CBV1path (ringing pathte2Universe, pathtest.views.CBV2.as_view (), name='patht') # defines a reverse # path using name (ringing llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Name='patht') # using name to define reverse The change of matching rules does not affect name]

Views.py

Form django.shorsturc import HttpResponse, reverseclass CBV2 (View): def get (self,request,page_num, * args, * * kwargs): route_path=reverse ('patht', args= (page_num,)) # reverse, converted to URL address, patht is the name value in urls, translated into matching value # args: the number of parameters in the address, just write a few For example, four (page_num1,page_num2,page_num3,page_num4) print (route_path) # print out return HttpResponse ('CBV2:page_num: {}' .format (page_num)) # depending on the link you click The returned value obtained is also different from class CBV1 (View): def get (self,request, * args,**kwargs): return render (request, 'pathtest.html')

Html:

\\ use the name name of patht to define the URL route, followed by 123 to get the value, so all three links execute views's CBV2numnumb/a > numbe

Results:

Visit: http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest1/, click on any link in html will execute CBV2, because the name value is defined.

Click on any link, views's route_path:/pathtest2/100

7. Custom path matching rules.

There are four matching rules by default in path, int,str,slug,uuid,path

You can also customize matching rules, steps: define classes; register with register_converter; use.

Urls.py

From django.urls import path, register_reverterimport pathtest.viewsclass NumLine:# first step, define class regex=' [- 0-9] + 'def to_python (self, value): return str (value) / / can perform type conversion and processing, and then return def to_url (self, value): return str (value) / / can perform type conversion and processing Then return to the # second step, register the custom class with the converter and name it numlineregister_reverter (NumLine,'numline') urlpatterns= [path (pathtest.views.CBV1.as_view ()), path (r'ppppppppp/', pathtest.views.CVB2.as_view (), name='patht') # use custom numline to match parameters]

APP:pathtest views.py

From django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, reversefrom django.views.generic import Viewclass CBV1 (View): def get (self,request): return render (request,'pathtest.html') class CBV2 (View): def get (self,request,data1, data2): full_path = reverse ('patht',args= (data1,data2)) return HttpResponse (' Full path: {} CBV2:page_num: {}, {} '.format (full_path, data1,data2))

Pathtest.html

When the number / / character parameter is passed in, be sure to put quotation marks number / / here-do not report an error, because it is recognized as a negative number number

Result: when accessing, only the incoming-and 0-9 are identified, and other parameters report an error.

8. Path routes are distributed to urls.py (secondary routes) of APP.

Specify using the include method, and include imports from django.urls

Format: path (ringing pathregapherent app.urls' include ('app)), include (' app name.app routing file')

Project: urls.py

From django.urls import path, includeurlparrents= [path (ringing pathregapacter including ('pathtest.urls')),]

App: urls.py

From django.urls import path, includefrom pathtest import viewsurlparrents= [path (ringing index.views. CBV1.assigning view ()), path (ringing indexcompanyaccountant views. CBV2.assigning view ()),]

App: views.py

From django.shortcuts import HttpResponsefrom django.views.generic import Viewclass CBV2 (View): def get (self,request): return HttpResponse ('index page') class CBV1 (View): def get (self,request): return HttpResponse (' default page')

Result: http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathreg/, urls routing files through project match pathreg, urls routing files distributed to app, call CBV1 to display default page

Http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathreg/index, the urls routing file through project matches pathreg, the urls routing file distributed to app matches index, and CBV1 is called to display index page

9. Re_path: regular matching is supported, and other parameters are the same as path

The same function as the Django1.xx version of url

Path (ringing indexation, views.CBV1.as_view ()), re_path (ringing indexation, views.CBV2.as_view ()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest/1111111111111indexre_path(r'^index', views.CBV2.as_view (), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest/index1111111111111re_path(r'index', views.CBV2.as_view (), # this is the point, as long as it contains continuous index You will find DBV2re_path (r'^ [a-zA-Z] [_ 0-9a-zA-Z] {5jue 9} $', views.CBV2.as_view ()) # match begins with a letter, followed by a number or underscore or letter, the shortest is 6, the longest is 10 characters # Note: {5jue 9} matches 6 characters 10 characters Because the first # http://127.0.0.1:8000/pathtest/i_d111ex11 matches re_path (r'^ test/ (? P\ d +) $', views.CBV2.as_view ()) # using () to get the value of url # (? Pvalue), the value assigned to name, and the variable assigned to name, use def test (request,name) or def test (request,**kwargs) in the views function.

10. Add a custom submission method to CBV:

Find the django.views.generic .View class

The methods in the http_method_names list are provided by default

The as_view function judges some parameters and so on.

Finally, the dispach method is returned.

Dispach executes the corresponding function through getattr

Add custom prompt methods:

1) add the method name, http_method_names.append ('kill') to the http_method_names list

2) define kill function in app.views.py

Add factorial operations to all methods by overriding the dispach method

Def dispatch (self, request, * args, * * kwargs): print ('pre-operation') obj = super (Cbv,self) .dispatch (request, * args, * * kwargs) print ('post-operation code') return obj

11. Namespace:,

Namespace,app_name,name

Configure namespace (instance namespace) in the urls of project and app_name (apply namespace) in the urls of the jump APP.

The main purpose is to implement routing forwarding distinguished by APP name.

# urls.py: path ('/ a path, include ('test.urls', namespace='author')) # namespace * * must be # test/urls.py: app_name='dync_name' # app_name, depending on the namespace of urls. * * must register in url. If, like namespace, it points to namespace re_path (r'^ test/ (? P\ d +) / $', views.repath, name='detail') by default # * * name must be path (views.path, name='app01'), and reverse is used in # views to generate url. Reverse ('author:index'),-- > / a/index/ # with parameters: the key in reverse (' author:detail', kwargs= {'id':666}) # kwargs does not seem to be very important Can be changed to another name reverse ('author:app01', args= [sid]) # template with reference: {% url' app_name:detail' id=666%} after reading the above, have you mastered how to set up the urls.py routing of the Django framework? If you want to learn more skills or want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel, thank you for reading!

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